Kupanikizika kwapadera (PN), Class American standard pound level (Lb), ndi njira yowonetsera kupanikizika, kusiyana kwake ndikuti kupanikizika komwe akuyimira kukugwirizana ndi kutentha kosiyana, PN European system imatanthawuza kupsinjika pa 120 ° C Kupanikizika kofanana, pomwe CLass American Standard imatanthawuza kupsinjika kofanana pa 425.5 ° C. Chifukwa chake, mu kusinthana kwaukadaulo, sizingatheke kungosintha kupanikizika. Mwachitsanzo, CLass300 iyenera kukhala 2.1MPa posintha kupanikizika kosavuta. Komabe, ngati kutentha kogwirira ntchito kukuganiziridwa, kupanikizika kofanana kudzawonjezeka. Malinga ndi mayeso a kutentha ndi kukana kupanikizika kwa zinthuzo, muyesowo ndi wofanana ndi 5.0MPa.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma valve system: imodzi ndi "nominal pressure" system yomwe imayimiridwa ndi Germany (kuphatikiza China) kutengera kuthamanga kovomerezeka kogwira ntchito kutentha kwa chipinda (madigiri 100 mdziko langa ndi madigiri 120 ku Germany). Chimodzi ndi "temperature and pressure system" yomwe imayimiridwa ndi United States, yomwe imayimiridwa ndi kuthamanga kovomerezeka kogwira ntchito kutentha kwina. Mu kutentha ndi kuthamanga kwa dziko la United States, kupatula 150Lb, yomwe imayimiridwa ndi madigiri 260, milingo ina imayimiridwa ndi madigiri 454. . Kupsinjika kovomerezeka kwa 150-psi class (150psi=1MPa) No. 25 carbon steel valve ndi 1MPa pa madigiri 260, ndipo kupsinjika kovomerezeka kutentha kwa chipinda ndi kwakukulu kuposa 1MPa, pafupifupi 2.0MPa. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri, mulingo wokakamiza wofanana ndi American Standard 150Lb ndi 2.0MPa, ndipo mulingo wokakamiza wofanana ndi 300Lb ndi 5.0MPa, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa chake, kuthamanga kwapadera ndi kutentha ndi magiredi okakamiza sizingasinthidwe mwachisawawa malinga ndi njira yosinthira kuthamanga.
PN ndi khodi yokhudzana ndi kupanikizika komwe kumaimiridwa ndi manambala, ndipo ndi nambala yozungulira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito. PN ndi nambala ya MPa yosagwedezeka yomwe ili yofanana ndi kutentha kwabwinobwino, komwe ndi kupanikizika kwapadera komwe nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndiMa valve aku ChinaMa valve owongolera okhala ndivalavu yachitsulo cha kaboniMabomba, amatanthauza kuthamanga kwakukulu kogwira ntchito komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pansi pa 200°C; pa ma valve achitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo, amatanthauza kuthamanga kwakukulu kogwira ntchito komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pansi pa 120°C; Kuthamanga kwakukulu kogwira ntchito komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pansi pa 250°C. Kutentha kogwira ntchito kukakwera, kukana kwa kuthamanga kwa thupi la valve kudzachepa. Valavu yodziwika bwino yaku America imasonyeza kuthamanga kwapadera mu mapaundi, komwe ndi zotsatira za kuwerengera kutentha kophatikizana ndi kupanikizika kwa chitsulo china, chomwe chimawerengedwa molingana ndi muyezo wa ANSI B16.34. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe gulu la mapaundi ndi kuthamanga kwapadera sizikugwirizana ndi munthu m'modzi ndikuti kutentha kwa gulu la mapaundi ndi kuthamanga kwapadera kumasiyana. Nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu kuwerengera, koma tiyeneranso kudziwa momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito matebulo kuti tiwone masikelo. Japan imagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri K kuti iwonetse kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga. Pa kuthamanga kwa mpweya, ku China, nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito unit yake ya kulemera "kg" pofotokoza (m'malo mwa "jin"), ndipo unit ndi kg. Gawo lofanana la kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi “kg/cm2″, ndipo kilogalamu imodzi ya kuthamanga kwa mpweya imatanthauza kuti kilogalamu imodzi ya mphamvu imagwira ntchito pa sentimita imodzi ya sikweya. Mofananamo, mogwirizana ndi mayiko akunja, pa kuthamanga kwa mpweya, gawo lofala la kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi “psi”, ndipo gawolo ndi “1 pound/inch2″, lomwe ndi “mapaundi pa inchi imodzi ya sikweya”. Dzina lonse la Chingerezi ndi Mapaundi pa inchi imodzi ya sikweya. Koma nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito kutcha gawo lake la kulemera, ndiko kuti, pound (Lb.), lomwe kwenikweni ndi Lb. Ndilo mphamvu ya pound yomwe yatchulidwa kale. Ikhoza kuwerengedwa posintha mayunitsi onse kukhala mayunitsi a metric: 1 psi=1 pound/inch2 ≈0.068bar, 1 bar≈14.5psi≈0.1MPa, mayiko monga Europe ndi United States amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito psi ngati gawo. Mu Class600 ndi Class1500, pali mitundu iwiri yosiyana yogwirizana ndi muyezo wa ku Europe ndi muyezo wa ku America. 11MPa (yofanana ndi gulu la mapaundi 600) ndi malamulo a dongosolo la ku Ulaya, omwe afotokozedwa mu “ISO 7005-1-1992 Steel Flanges”; 10MPa (yofanana ndi Gulu la mapaundi 600) ndi malamulo a dongosolo la ku America, omwe ndi malamulo mu ASME B16.5. Chifukwa chake, sitinganene motsimikiza kuti gulu la mapaundi 600 likugwirizana ndi 11MPa kapena 10MPa, ndipo malamulo a machitidwe osiyanasiyana ndi osiyana.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma valve system: imodzi ndi "nominal pressure" system yomwe imayimiridwa ndi Germany (kuphatikiza dziko langa) kutengera kuthamanga kovomerezeka kogwira ntchito kutentha kwa chipinda (madigiri 100 m'dziko langa ndi madigiri 120 ku Germany). Chimodzi ndi "temperature and pressure" system yomwe imayimiridwa ndi United States, yomwe imayimiridwa ndi kuthamanga kovomerezeka kogwira ntchito kutentha kwina. Mu kutentha ndi kuthamanga kwa dziko la United States, kupatula 150Lb, yomwe imayimiridwa ndi madigiri 260, milingo ina imayimiridwa ndi madigiri 454. Mwachitsanzo, kupsinjika kovomerezeka kwa 150Lb. 25 carbon steel valve ndi 1MPa pa madigiri 260, ndipo kupsinjika kovomerezeka kutentha kwa chipinda ndi kwakukulu kuposa 1MPa, yomwe ndi pafupifupi 2.0MPa. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri, mulingo wokakamiza wofanana ndi American Standard 150Lb ndi 2.0MPa, ndipo mulingo wokakamiza wofanana ndi 300Lb ndi 5.0MPa, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa chake, kuthamanga kwapadera ndi kutentha ndi magiredi okakamiza sizingasinthidwe mwachisawawa malinga ndi njira yosinthira kuthamanga.
Popeza kutentha kwa mphamvu ya nomine ndi kupanikizika kwa mpweya kumasiyana, palibe kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi. Kugwirizana kolakwika pakati pa ziwirizi kwawonetsedwa patebulo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-31-2023