Ngati muyenda mozungulira malo opangira mankhwala, mudzawona mapaipi omwe ali ndi ma valve ozungulira, omwe amawongolera.
Vavu yoyang'anira ma diaphragm ya pneumatic
Mutha kudziwa zambiri za valve yowongolera kuchokera ku dzina lake.Mawu ofunikira oti "malamulo" ndikuti kusintha kwake kumatha kusinthidwa mosasamala pakati pa 0 ndi 100%.
Anzanu osamala apeze kuti pali chipangizo chopachikidwa pamutu pa valavu iliyonse.Omwe akuchidziwa ayenera kudziwa kuti uwu ndi mtima wa valve yolamulira, choyika valavu.Kupyolera mu chipangizo ichi, voliyumu ya mpweya yomwe imalowa m'mutu (filimu ya pneumatic) ikhoza kusinthidwa.Onetsetsani bwino malo a valve.
Oyika ma valve amaphatikizapo oyika anzeru komanso oyika makina.Lero tikukambirana za makina omaliza, omwe ali ofanana ndi malo omwe akuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya makina a pneumatic valve positioner
Chojambula chojambulira ma valve
Chithunzichi chimafotokoza makamaka zigawo za makina a pneumatic valve positioner imodzi ndi imodzi.Chotsatira ndikuwona momwe zimagwirira ntchito?
Gwero la mpweya limachokera ku mpweya woponderezedwa wa air compressor station.Pali valavu yochepetsera fyuluta ya mpweya kutsogolo kwa polowera mpweya wa choyika valavu kuti muyeretse mpweya woponderezedwa.Gwero la mpweya kuchokera kotulukira kwa valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga kumalowa kuchokera ku choyika valavu.Kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umalowa mumutu wa nembanemba wa valve umatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi chizindikiro cha wolamulira.
Kutulutsa kwamagetsi kwa wowongolera ndi 4 ~ 20mA, ndipo chizindikiro cha pneumatic ndi 20Kpa ~ 100Kpa.Kutembenuka kuchokera ku siginecha yamagetsi kupita ku siginecha ya pneumatic kumachitika kudzera mu chosinthira chamagetsi.
Pamene chizindikiro chamagetsi chimatulutsidwa ndi wolamulira chimasinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro cha mpweya wofanana, chizindikiro cha mpweya wosinthidwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo.Lever 2 imayenda mozungulira fulcrum, ndipo gawo lapansi la lever 2 limasunthira kumanja ndikuyandikira mphuno.Kuthamanga kumbuyo kwa nozzle kumawonjezeka, ndipo pambuyo pokulitsidwa ndi pneumatic amplifier (gawo lokhala ndi chizindikiro chochepa pa chithunzi), mbali ya mpweya imatumizidwa ku chipinda cha mpweya cha diaphragm ya pneumatic.Tsinde la valve limanyamula valavu pansi ndikutsegula pang'onopang'ono valve.chepetsa.Panthawiyi, ndodo ya mayankho (ndodo yogwedezeka pa chithunzi) yolumikizidwa ndi tsinde la valve imasunthira pansi mozungulira fulcrum, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutsogolo kwa shaft kusunthira pansi.Kamera ya eccentric yolumikizidwa nayo imazungulira motsata wotchi, ndipo chogudubuza chimazungulira molunjika ndikusunthira kumanzere.Tambasulani ndemanga kasupe.Popeza gawo la m'munsi la kasupe wa ndemanga limatambasula chitsulo cha 2 ndikusunthira kumanzere, chidzafika pamtunda wa mphamvu ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikugwira ntchito pazitsulo, kotero kuti valavu imakhazikika pamalo enaake ndipo sichisuntha.
Kupyolera muzomwe zili pamwambazi, muyenera kumvetsetsa bwino za makina oyika valve.Mukakhala ndi mpata, ndi bwino kumasula kamodzi pamene mukugwira ntchito, ndikuzama malo a gawo lililonse la choyikapo komanso dzina la gawo lililonse.Choncho, kukambitsirana kwachidule kwa ma valve amakina kumafika kumapeto.Kenaka, tidzakulitsa chidziwitso kuti timvetsetse mozama za ma valve oyendetsa.
kukulitsa chidziwitso
Kuwonjezeka kwa chidziwitso chimodzi
Valavu yowongolera ma diaphragm pachithunzichi ndi mtundu wotsekedwa ndi mpweya.Anthu ena amafunsa kuti, chifukwa chiyani?
Choyamba, yang'anani njira yolowera mpweya ya aerodynamic diaphragm, yomwe ili ndi zotsatira zabwino.
Chachiwiri, yang'anani njira yoyika pakatikati pa valve, yomwe ili yabwino.
Pneumatic diaphragm air chamber gwero la mpweya wabwino, diaphragm imakankhira pansi akasupe asanu ndi limodzi ophimbidwa ndi diaphragm, potero amakankhira tsinde la valve kuti lisunthire pansi.Tsinde la valavu limalumikizidwa ndi pachimake cha valavu, ndipo nsonga ya valve imayikidwa patsogolo, kotero gwero la mpweya ndi valavu Kusunthira kumalo ochoka.Choncho, amatchedwa valavu yotseka mpweya.Kutsegula kolakwika kumatanthawuza kuti pamene mpweya umasokonekera chifukwa cha kumangidwa kapena kuwonongeka kwa chitoliro cha mpweya, valavu imayikidwanso pansi pa mphamvu ya masika, ndipo valavu imakhala yotseguka.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito valve yotseka mpweya?
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zimaganiziridwa kuchokera kuchitetezo.Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chofunikira posankha kuyatsa kapena kuzimitsa mpweya.
Mwachitsanzo: ng'oma ya nthunzi, chimodzi mwa zida zapakati pa boiler, ndi valavu yowongolera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka madzi iyenera kukhala yotsekedwa ndi mpweya.Chifukwa chiyani?Mwachitsanzo, ngati gwero la gasi kapena magetsi asokonezedwa mwadzidzidzi, ng'anjoyo ikuyakabe mwamphamvu ndikuwotcha madzi mu ng'oma mosalekeza.Ngati mpweya umagwiritsidwa ntchito potsegula valavu yoyendetsera mphamvu ndipo mphamvu imasokonezedwa, valavu idzatsekedwa ndipo ng'oma idzawotchedwa mumphindi popanda madzi (kuwotcha kouma).Izi ndi zoopsa kwambiri.Sizingatheke kuthana ndi kulephera kwa valve yolamulira munthawi yochepa, zomwe zingayambitse kutsekedwa kwa ng'anjo.Ngozi zimachitika.Chifukwa chake, kuti mupewe kuyaka kouma kapena ngozi zozimitsa ng'anjo, valavu yotseka gasi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Ngakhale mphamvuyo imasokonezedwa ndipo valavu yoyendetsa ili pamalo otseguka, madzi amadyetsedwa mosalekeza mu ng'oma ya nthunzi, koma sichidzayambitsa ndalama zouma mu ng'oma ya nthunzi.Pali nthawi yoti muthane ndi kulephera kwa valve yowongolera ndipo ng'anjo sidzatsekedwa mwachindunji kuti ithane nayo.
Kupyolera mu zitsanzo zomwe zili pamwambazi, muyenera tsopano kukhala ndi chidziwitso choyambirira cha momwe mungasankhire ma valve otsegula mpweya ndi ma valve oletsa mpweya!
Kukula kwa chidziwitso 2
Chidziwitso chaching'ono ichi ndi za kusintha kwa zotsatira zabwino ndi zoipa za locator.
Vavu yoyang'anira pachithunzichi ndi yabwino kuchita.Kamera ya eccentric ili ndi mbali ziwiri AB, A imayimira mbali yakutsogolo ndipo B imayimira mbali.Panthawiyi, mbali ya A ikuyang'ana kunja, ndipo kutembenuza mbali ya B kunja ndikochita.Chifukwa chake, kusintha njira ya A pachithunzichi kupita ku B ndizomwe zimayendera ma valve.
Chithunzi chenichenicho chomwe chili pachithunzichi ndi choyimira bwino cha valve, ndipo chizindikiro chowongolera ndi 4-20mA.Pamene 4mA, chizindikiro cha mpweya chofanana ndi 20Kpa, ndipo valavu yoyang'anira imatsegulidwa kwathunthu.Pamene 20mA, chizindikiro cha mpweya chofanana ndi 100Kpa, ndipo valve yoyendetsa imatsekedwa kwathunthu.
Makina oyika ma valve ali ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zake
Ubwino: kuwongolera molondola.
Zoipa: Chifukwa cha kulamulira kwa pneumatic, ngati chizindikiro cha malo chiyenera kubwezeretsedwa ku chipinda chapakati chowongolera, chipangizo chowonjezera chosinthira magetsi chimafunika.
Kuwonjezeka kwa chidziwitso katatu
Zinthu zokhudzana ndi kupsinjika kwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Zolephera panthawi yopanga ndi zachilendo ndipo ndi gawo la ndondomeko yopangira.Koma kuti asungidwe bwino, chitetezo, ndi kuchuluka kwake, mavuto ayenera kuthetsedwa munthawi yake.Uwu ndiye mtengo wokhalabe pakampani.Chifukwa chake, tikambirana mwachidule zochitika zingapo zolakwika zomwe zimachitika:
1. Kutulutsa kwa valavu kumakhala ngati kamba.
Musatsegule chivundikiro chakutsogolo cha choyika valavu;mverani phokosolo kuti muwone ngati chitoliro cha mpweya chasweka ndikuyambitsa kutayikira.Izi zitha kuweruzidwa ndi maso.Ndipo mverani ngati pali phokoso lililonse lotayirira kuchokera kuchipinda cholowera mpweya.
Tsegulani chivundikiro chakutsogolo cha choyika valavu;1. Kaya orifice yosalekeza yatsekedwa;2. Yang'anani malo a baffle;3. Yang'anani kusungunuka kwa kasupe wa ndemanga;4. Sulani valavu ya square ndikuyang'ana diaphragm.
2. Kutulutsa kwa valve positioner ndikosangalatsa
1. Onani ngati mphamvu ya gwero la mpweya ili mkati mwazomwe zatchulidwa komanso ngati ndodo yoyankha yagwa.Ichi ndi sitepe yosavuta.
2. Yang'anani ngati mawaya amtundu wa siginecha ali olondola (zovuta zomwe zimadza pambuyo pake nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa)
3. Kodi pali chilichonse chomamatira pakati pa koyilo ndi zida?
4. Yang'anani ngati malo ofananira a mphuno ndi baffle ndi oyenera.
5. Yang'anani mkhalidwe wa koyilo yamagetsi amagetsi
6. Onani ngati kusintha kwa kasupe koyenera kuli koyenera
Kenaka, chizindikiro ndi cholowetsa, koma kutulutsa mphamvu sikumasintha, pali zotulukapo koma sizifika pamtengo wapatali, etc. Zolakwa izi zimakumananso ndi zolakwa za tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo sizidzakambidwa pano.
Kukula kwachidziwitso 4
Kuwongolera kusintha kwa valavu
Pakupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito valavu yowongolera kwa nthawi yayitali kumayambitsa sitiroko yolakwika.Nthawi zambiri, nthawi zonse pamakhala cholakwika chachikulu poyesa kutsegula malo ena.
The sitiroko ndi 0-100%, kusankha pazipita mfundo kusintha, amene ali 0, 25, 50, 75, ndi 100, onse amafotokozedwa ngati peresenti.Makamaka kwa oyika ma valve amawotchi, posintha, ndikofunikira kudziwa malo a zigawo ziwiri zamanja mkati mwa choyikapo, chomwe ndi kusintha kwa zero ndi nthawi yosinthira.
Ngati titenga valavu yotsegulira mpweya monga chitsanzo, sinthani.
Khwerero 1: Pamalo osinthira zero, chipinda chowongolera kapena jenereta yazizindikiro imapereka 4mA.Valve yowongolera iyenera kutsekedwa kwathunthu.Ngati sichingatsekeke, sinthani ziro.Kusintha kwa zero kukamalizidwa, sinthani mwachindunji mfundo ya 50%, ndikusintha nthawiyo moyenerera.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, dziwani kuti ndodo ya ndemanga ndi tsinde la valve liyenera kukhala lokhazikika.Kusintha kukamalizidwa, sinthani mfundo ya 100%.Kusintha kutatha, sinthani mobwerezabwereza kuchokera ku mfundo zisanu pakati pa 0-100% mpaka kutsegulidwa kuli kolondola.
Pomaliza;kuchokera kumakina kupita ku malo anzeru.Kuchokera kumaganizo a sayansi ndi zamakono, chitukuko chofulumira cha sayansi ndi zamakono chachepetsa mphamvu ya ntchito ya ogwira ntchito yokonza kutsogolo.Payekha, ndikuganiza kuti ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito luso lanu ndikuphunzira luso, makina opangira makina ndi abwino kwambiri, makamaka kwa ogwira ntchito zatsopano.Kunena mosapita m'mbali, wodziwa malo wanzeru amatha kumvetsa mawu ochepa m'bukuli ndikungosuntha zala zanu.Idzangosintha chilichonse kuyambira pakusintha zero point mpaka kusintha mtundu.Ingodikirani kuti amalize kusewera ndikuyeretsa malowo.Ingochokani.Kwa mtundu wamakina, magawo ambiri amayenera kupasuka, kukonzedwa ndikubwezeretsedwanso nokha.Izi zidzakulitsa luso lanu logwiritsa ntchito manja ndikukupangitsani chidwi kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kake ka mkati.
Kaya ndi yanzeru kapena yopanda nzeru, imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakupanga makina onse.Ikango "kugunda", palibe njira yosinthira ndipo kuwongolera makina kumakhala kopanda tanthauzo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-31-2023