Mukayenda mozungulira malo opangira mankhwala, mudzawona mapaipi ena okhala ndi ma valve ozungulira, omwe ndi ma valve owongolera.
Valavu yowongolera diaphragm ya pneumatic
Mukhoza kudziwa zambiri zokhudza valavu yowongolera kuchokera ku dzina lake. Mawu ofunikira akuti "regulation" ndi akuti kusintha kwake kumatha kusinthidwa mwachisawawa pakati pa 0 ndi 100%.
Anzanu osamala ayenera kupeza kuti pali chipangizo chomwe chili pansi pa mutu wa valavu iliyonse yowongolera. Amene akuchidziwa bwino ayenera kudziwa kuti ichi ndi mtima wa valavu yowongolera, malo oikamo valavu. Kudzera mu chipangizochi, voliyumu ya mpweya wolowa m'mutu (filimu ya pneumatic) ikhoza kusinthidwa. Yang'anirani bwino malo a valavu.
Zoyimira ma valve zimaphatikizapo zoyimira zanzeru ndi zoyimira makina. Lero tikukambirana za choyimira makina chomaliza, chomwe chili chimodzimodzi ndi choyimira chomwe chawonetsedwa pachithunzichi.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya makina opondera mpweya wa makina
Chithunzi cha kapangidwe ka malo oimika ma valve
Chithunzichi chikufotokoza bwino za zigawo za makina oyendetsera mpweya wa makina chimodzi ndi chimodzi. Gawo lotsatira ndikuwona momwe zimagwirira ntchito?
Gwero la mpweya limachokera ku mpweya wopanikizika wa siteshoni ya compressor ya mpweya. Pali valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga kwa mpweya kutsogolo kwa malo olowera mpweya a valavu kuti ayeretse mpweya wopanikizika. Gwero la mpweya kuchokera ku malo otulukira mpweya wochepetsera kuthamanga limalowa kuchokera ku malo oimika mpweya. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wolowa mu nembanemba ya valavu kumatsimikiziridwa malinga ndi chizindikiro chotulutsa cha wowongolera.
Mphamvu ya chizindikiro chamagetsi yotulutsidwa ndi chowongolera ndi 4~20mA, ndipo chizindikiro cha mpweya ndi 20Kpa~100Kpa. Kusintha kuchokera ku chizindikiro chamagetsi kupita ku chizindikiro cha mpweya kumachitika kudzera mu chosinthira magetsi.
Pamene chizindikiro chamagetsi chotulutsidwa ndi chowongolera chisinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro cha mpweya chofanana, chizindikiro cha mpweya chosinthidwacho chimagwira ntchito pa bellows. Lever 2 imayenda mozungulira fulcrum, ndipo gawo la pansi la lever 2 limasunthira kumanja ndikuyandikira nozzle. Kupanikizika kwakumbuyo kwa nozzle kumawonjezeka, ndipo pambuyo poti yakulitsidwa ndi pneumatic amplifier (gawo lomwe lili ndi chizindikiro chochepa pachithunzichi), gawo la gwero la mpweya limatumizidwa ku chipinda cha mpweya cha pneumatic diaphragm. Valve stem imanyamula valve core pansi ndipo imatsegula pang'onopang'ono valavu. Imakhala yaying'ono. Panthawiyi, feedback rod (swing rod yomwe ili pachithunzichi) yolumikizidwa ku valve stem imasunthira pansi mozungulira fulcrum, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutsogolo kwa shaft kusunthe. Cam yosagwirizana nayo imazungulira motsutsa wotchi, ndipo roller imazungulira motsatira wotchi ndikusunthira kumanzere. Tambasulani feedback spring. Popeza gawo lapansi la feedback spring limatambasula lever 2 ndikusunthira kumanzere, lidzafika pamlingo wa mphamvu ndi kupanikizika kwa chizindikiro komwe kumagwira ntchito pa bellows, kotero valavu imakhazikika pamalo enaake ndipo siisuntha.
Kudzera mu mawu oyamba omwe ali pamwambapa, muyenera kumvetsetsa bwino za malo oimika ma valve a makina. Mukakhala ndi mwayi, ndi bwino kuichotsa kamodzi mukayigwiritsa ntchito, ndikukulitsa malo a gawo lililonse la malo oimika ndi dzina la gawo lililonse. Chifukwa chake, kukambirana mwachidule za ma valve a makina kumatha. Kenako, tikulitsa chidziwitso kuti timvetse bwino za ma valve owongolera.
kukulitsa chidziwitso
Kukulitsa chidziwitso chimodzi
Valavu yowongolera mpweya ya diaphragm yomwe ili pachithunzichi ndi yotsekedwa ndi mpweya. Anthu ena amafunsa kuti, chifukwa chiyani?
Choyamba, yang'anani komwe mpweya umalowera mu diaphragm, zomwe ndi zotsatira zabwino.
Chachiwiri, yang'anani njira yokhazikitsira valavu, yomwe ndi yabwino.
Chitsime cha mpweya wa chipinda cha mpweya cha diaphragm chotchedwa pneumatic diaphragm, diaphragm imakanikiza masipule asanu ndi limodzi ophimbidwa ndi diaphragm, motero imakankhira tsinde la valavu kuti lisunthire pansi. Tsinde la valavu limalumikizidwa ndi pakati pa valavu, ndipo pakati pa valavu imayikidwa patsogolo, kotero gwero la mpweya ndi valavu. Pitani kumalo otsekedwa. Chifukwa chake, imatchedwa valavu yotseka mpweya. Kutsegula cholakwika kumatanthauza kuti pamene mpweya wasokonekera chifukwa cha kumangidwa kapena dzimbiri kwa chitoliro cha mpweya, valavu imabwezeretsedwanso pansi pa mphamvu ya kasupe, ndipo valavu imakhala pamalo otseguka kwathunthu.
Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito bwanji valavu yotseka mpweya?
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito imaganiziridwa potengera chitetezo. Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira posankha ngati muyatse kapena kuzimitsa mpweya.
Mwachitsanzo: ng'oma ya nthunzi, chimodzi mwa zida zazikulu za boiler, ndi valavu yowongolera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dongosolo loperekera madzi ziyenera kutsekedwa ndi mpweya. Chifukwa chiyani? Mwachitsanzo, ngati gwero la gasi kapena magetsi asokonekera mwadzidzidzi, ng'anjo ikuyakabe mwamphamvu ndipo ikutenthetsa madzi mu ng'anjo mosalekeza. Ngati mpweya ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsegula valavu yowongolera ndipo mphamvu yasokonekera, valavu idzatsekedwa ndipo ng'anjo idzayaka mumphindi zochepa popanda madzi (kuwotcha kouma). Izi ndizoopsa kwambiri. N'zosatheka kuthana ndi kulephera kwa valavu yowongolera munthawi yochepa, zomwe zingayambitse kuzimitsa kwa ng'anjo. Ngozi zimachitika. Chifukwa chake, kuti tipewe kuyaka kouma kapena ngozi zozimitsa ng'anjo, valavu yotseka mpweya iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngakhale mphamvuyo yasokonekera ndipo valavu yowongolera ili pamalo otseguka kwathunthu, madzi amaperekedwa nthawi zonse mu ng'anjo ya nthunzi, koma sizingayambitse ndalama zouma mu ng'anjo ya nthunzi. Pali nthawi yothana ndi kulephera kwa valavu yowongolera ndipo ng'anjo sidzazimitsidwa mwachindunji kuti ithane nayo.
Kudzera mu zitsanzo zomwe zili pamwambapa, tsopano muyenera kumvetsetsa bwino momwe mungasankhire ma valve owongolera otsegula mpweya ndi ma valve owongolera otseka mpweya!
Kukulitsa Chidziwitso 2
Chidziwitso chochepa ichi chikunena za kusintha kwa zotsatira zabwino ndi zoyipa za malo opezera malo.
Valavu yowongolera yomwe ili pachithunzichi ikugwira ntchito bwino. Kamera yowoneka bwino ili ndi mbali ziwiri AB, A ikuyimira mbali yakutsogolo ndipo B ikuyimira mbali. Pakadali pano, mbali ya A ikuyang'ana kunja, ndipo kutembenuza mbali ya B kunja ndi reaction. Chifukwa chake, kusintha njira ya A pachithunzichi kupita ku njira ya B ndi reaction mechanical valve positioner.
Chithunzi chenicheni chomwe chili pachithunzichi ndi valavu yokhazikika bwino, ndipo chizindikiro chotulutsa chowongolera ndi 4-20mA. Pamene 4mA, chizindikiro cha mpweya chogwirizana ndi 20Kpa, ndipo valavu yowongolera imatsegulidwa kwathunthu. Pamene 20mA, chizindikiro cha mpweya chogwirizana ndi 100Kpa, ndipo valavu yowongolera imatsekedwa kwathunthu.
Ma valve positioners a makina ali ndi ubwino ndi kuipa
Ubwino: kulamulira kolondola.
Zoyipa: Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya pneumatic control, ngati chizindikiro cha malo chikuyenera kubwezeretsedwa ku chipinda chowongolera chapakati, chipangizo china chosinthira magetsi chikufunika.
Kukulitsa chidziwitso chachitatu
Zinthu zokhudzana ndi kusokonezeka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kulephera pakupanga zinthu ndi kwachibadwa ndipo ndi gawo la kupanga zinthu. Koma kuti tisunge ubwino, chitetezo, ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu, mavuto ayenera kuthetsedwa munthawi yake. Uwu ndiye ubwino wokhalabe mu kampani. Chifukwa chake, tikambirana mwachidule za zolakwika zingapo zomwe zachitika:
1. Chotulutsa cha valavu chili ngati kamba.
Musatsegule chivundikiro chakutsogolo cha valavu; mvetserani phokoso kuti muwone ngati chitoliro chochokera ku mpweya chasweka ndipo chikuyambitsa kutuluka kwa madzi. Izi zitha kuweruzidwa ndi maso. Ndipo mvetserani ngati pali phokoso lililonse lotuluka kuchokera ku chipinda cholowera mpweya.
Tsegulani chivundikiro chakutsogolo cha valavu; 1. Ngati cholowera chokhazikika chatsekedwa; 2. Yang'anani malo a baffle; 3. Yang'anani kulimba kwa kasupe wobwerera; 4. Chotsani valavu yozungulira ndikuyang'ana diaphragm.
2. Zotuluka za valavu yoyimitsa zinthu ndi zosasangalatsa
1. Yang'anani ngati mphamvu ya mpweya ili mkati mwa mlingo womwe watchulidwa komanso ngati ndodo yolumikizira yatsika. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta.
2. Onetsetsani ngati mawaya a mzere wa chizindikiro ndi olondola (mavuto omwe amabuka pambuyo pake nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazidwa)
3. Kodi pali chilichonse chomwe chakhala pakati pa coil ndi armature?
4. Onetsetsani ngati malo ofanana a nozzle ndi baffle ndi oyenera.
5. Yang'anani momwe coil ya electromagnetic component ilili
6. Onani ngati malo osinthira a kasupe wolinganiza ndi oyenera
Kenako, chizindikiro chimalowetsedwa, koma kuthamanga kwa kutulutsa sikusintha, pali kutuluka koma sikufika pamlingo wapamwamba, ndi zina zotero. Zolakwika izi zimapezekanso m'zolakwika za tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo sizikambidwa pano.
Kukulitsa chidziwitso chachinayi
Kusintha kwa valavu yowongolera sitiroko
Pa nthawi yopangira, kugwiritsa ntchito valavu yowongolera kwa nthawi yayitali kumabweretsa sitiroko yolakwika. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi zonse pamakhala cholakwika chachikulu poyesa kutsegula malo enaake.
Kugunda ndi 0-100%, sankhani mfundo yayikulu yosinthira, yomwe ndi 0, 25, 50, 75, ndi 100, zonse zomwe zimafotokozedwa ngati maperesenti. Makamaka pa zoyimitsa ma valve amakina, posintha, ndikofunikira kudziwa malo a zigawo ziwiri zamanja mkati mwa choyimitsa, zomwe ndi malo osasintha ndi nthawi yosinthira.
Ngati titenga valavu yowongolera mpweya monga chitsanzo, yikonzeni.
Gawo 1: Pa malo osinthira a zero, chipinda chowongolera kapena jenereta ya chizindikiro chimapereka 4mA. Valavu yowongolera iyenera kutsekedwa kwathunthu. Ngati singatsekedwe kwathunthu, chitani kusintha kwa zero. Pambuyo pokonza zero, sinthani mwachindunji mfundo ya 50%, ndikusintha kutalika kwake moyenerera. Nthawi yomweyo, dziwani kuti ndodo yobwezera ndi tsinde la valavu ziyenera kukhala zoyima. Pambuyo pokonza, sinthani mfundo ya 100%. Pambuyo pokonza, sinthani mobwerezabwereza kuchokera ku mfundo zisanu pakati pa 0-100% mpaka kutsegula kukhale kolondola.
Pomaliza; kuchokera pa choyimitsa makina kupita ku choyimitsa chanzeru. Kuchokera pamalingaliro asayansi ndi ukadaulo, kupita patsogolo mwachangu kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo kwachepetsa mphamvu ya ogwira ntchito yokonza kutsogolo. Ine ndekha, ndikuganiza kuti ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito luso lanu lochita zinthu mwanzeru ndikuphunzira luso, choyimitsa makina ndiye chabwino kwambiri, makamaka kwa ogwira ntchito atsopano a zida. Kunena mosapita m'mbali, chopezera zinthu mwanzeru chimatha kumvetsetsa mawu ochepa m'bukuli ndikungosuntha zala zanu. Chidzasintha chilichonse chokha kuyambira kusintha mfundo ya zero mpaka kusintha malo. Ingodikirani kuti chimalize kusewera ndikuyeretsa malo. Ingochokani. Pa mtundu wa makina, zigawo zambiri zimafunika kuchotsedwa, kukonzedwa ndikubwezeretsedwanso nokha. Izi zidzakuthandizani kwambiri luso lanu lochita zinthu mwanzeru ndikukupangitsani chidwi kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kake kamkati.
Kaya ndi yanzeru kapena yosakhala yanzeru, imagwira ntchito yayikulu pakupanga zinthu zonse zokha. Ikangogunda, palibe njira yosinthira ndipo kulamulira zinthu zokha sikuli kothandiza.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-31-2023