1. Kodi valavu yagulugufe ya EN593 ndi chiyani?
Vavu yagulugufe ya EN593 imatanthawuza valavu yagulugufe yachitsulo yopangidwa ndi kupangidwa motsatira BS EN 593:2017 muyezo, wotchedwa "Mavavu Amakampani - Mavavu Agulugufe Ambiri Azitsulo." Muyezowu umasindikizidwa ndi British Standards Institution (BSI) ndipo umagwirizana ndi miyezo yaku Europe (EN), ndikupereka dongosolo lathunthu la mapangidwe, zida, makulidwe, kuyesa, ndi magwiridwe antchito a ma valve agulugufe.
EN593 ma valve agulugufe amadziwika ndi matupi awo azitsulo azitsulo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizirana, monga mtundu wa wafer, mtundu wa lug, kapena wopindika pawiri. Mavavu agulugufewa amatha kugwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana komanso kutentha. Muyezo uwu umawonetsetsa kuti ma valve amakwaniritsa zofunikira pachitetezo, kulimba, kugwirizana, komanso kudalirika.
2. Zofunika Kwambiri za EN593 Mavavu a Gulugufe
* Kuchita kwa Quarter-turn: Mavavu agulugufe amagwira ntchito potembenuza ma valve disc madigiri 90, zomwe zimathandiza kuyendetsa mwachangu komanso moyenera.
* Mapangidwe ang'onoang'ono: Poyerekeza ndi ma valve a zipata, ma valve a mpira, kapena ma valve a globe, ma valve agulugufe ndi opepuka komanso opulumutsa malo, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kuyika malo okhala ndi malo ochepa.
* Malumikizidwe osiyanasiyana omalizira: Opezeka muwafer, lug, flange iwiri, flange imodzi, kapena mapangidwe amtundu wa U, omwe amagwirizana ndi mapaipi osiyanasiyana.
* Kulimbana ndi dzimbiri: Zopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zapamwamba zosagwira dzimbiri kuti zitsimikizire kulimba m'malo owononga.
* Ma torque otsika: Amapangidwa kuti achepetse zofunikira za torque, kupangitsa kuti makina azikhala ndi ma actuators ang'onoang'ono ndikutsitsa mtengo.
* Kusindikiza kwa Zero-Leakage: Mavavu ambiri a EN593 amakhala ndi mipando yofewa kapena mipando yachitsulo, yomwe imapereka chisindikizo cholimba kuti chigwire ntchito modalirika.
3. BS EN 593: 2017 Tsatanetsatane Wokhazikika
Pofika mu 2025, muyezo wa BS EN 593 utengera mtundu wa 2017. TS EN 593 chiwongolero chokwanira cha mavavu agulugufe achitsulo, kutchula zofunikira zochepa pamapangidwe, zida, makulidwe, ndi kuyesa. Zotsatirazi ndizofotokozera mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zili muyeso, zothandizidwa ndi deta yamakampani.
3.1. Kuchuluka kwa muyezo
TS EN 593: 2017 mavavu agulugufe azitsulo pazifukwa wamba, kuphatikiza kudzipatula, kuwongolera, kapena kuwongolera kayendedwe ka madzi. Zimakwirira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavavu okhala ndi zolumikizira kumapeto kwa chitoliro, monga:
* Mtundu wa Wafer: Wotsekeredwa pakati pa ma flange awiri, okhala ndi mawonekedwe ophatikizika komanso mawonekedwe opepuka.
* Mtundu wa Lug: Umakhala ndi mabowo oyikapo, oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa mapaipi.
* Zopindika pawiri: Zimakhala ndi ma flanges ophatikizika, omangika mwachindunji kumapaipi.
* single-flanged: Imakhala ndi ma flanges ophatikizika pakatikati pa ma valve apakati.
* Mtundu wa U: Mtundu wapadera wa valavu yamtundu wa wafer yokhala ndi mbali ziwiri za flange ndi miyeso yolumikizana maso ndi maso.
3.2. Pressure and Size Range
TS EN 593: 2017 imatchula kupanikizika ndi kukula kwa mavavu agulugufe:
* Miyezo ya Pressure:
- PN 2.5, PN 6, PN 10, PN 16, PN 25, PN 40, PN 63, PN 100, PN 160 (European pressure ratings).
- Kalasi 150, Class 300, Class 600, Class 900 (mayeso a ASME).
* Kukula kwake:
- DN 20 mpaka DN 4000 (m'mimba mwake mwadzina, pafupifupi mainchesi 3/4 mpaka 160 mainchesi).
3.3. Zofunikira Zopanga ndi Zopanga
Muyezo uwu umatchula njira zopangira kuti zitsimikizire kudalirika ndi ntchito ya valve:
* Mavavu thupi zakuthupi: Mavavu ayenera chopangidwa ndi zitsulo zipangizo monga ductile chitsulo, mpweya zitsulo (ASTM A216 WCB), zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri (ASTM A351 CF8/CF8M), kapena zotayidwa mkuwa (C95800).
* Mapangidwe a diski ya valve: Chimbale cha valve chikhoza kukhala chapakati kapena eccentric (kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuvala kwa mipando ndi torque).
* Zida zokhala ndi mavavu: Mipando ya mavavu imatha kupangidwa ndi zinthu zotanuka (monga mphira kapena PTFE) kapena zida zachitsulo, kutengera ntchito. Mipando yotakasuka imapereka kusindikiza kwa zero-leakage, pomwe mipando yachitsulo iyeneranso kupirira kutentha kwambiri ndi dzimbiri kuwonjezera pakupeza zero kutayikira.
* Miyezo ya nkhope ndi maso: Iyenera kutsata miyezo ya EN 558-1 kapena ISO 5752 kuti iwonetsetse kuti ikugwirizana ndi mapaipi.
* Miyeso ya Flange: Yogwirizana ndi miyezo monga EN 1092-2 (PN10/PN16), ANSI B16.1, ASME B16.5, kapena BS 10 Table D/E, kutengera mtundu wa valve.
* Actuator: Ma valve amatha kuyendetsedwa pamanja (chogwirira kapena gearbox) kapena kuyendetsedwa pawokha (pneumatic, magetsi, kapena hydraulic actuator). Flange yapamwamba iyenera kutsata miyezo ya ISO 5211 kuti athe kukhazikitsa kokhazikika kwa actuator.
3.4. Kuyesa ndi Kuyang'anira
Kuti muwonetsetse kuti ntchito ndi yabwino, BS EN 593:2017 imafuna kuyesedwa kolimba:
* Kuyesa kwa hydraulic pressure: Kumatsimikizira kuti valavuyo ilibe kutayikira pakakamizidwe kodziwika.
* Mayeso ogwirira ntchito: Imawonetsetsa kuti ikuyenda bwino komanso torque yoyenera pamikhalidwe yofananira.
* Mayeso Otayikira: Tsimikizirani kusindikizidwa kolimba kwa mpando wa valve zotanuka molingana ndi EN 12266-1 kapena API 598 miyezo.
* Satifiketi Yoyang'anira: Wopangayo ayenera kupereka malipoti oyesa ndikuwunika kuti atsimikizire kuti zikutsatira miyezo.
3.5. Ntchito za EN593 Mavavu a Gulugufe
* Kuchiza Madzi: Sinthani ndi kusiyanitsa kuyenda kwamadzi osiyanasiyana abwino, am'nyanja, kapena otayidwa. Zida zosagwira dzimbiri komanso zokutira zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera malo ovuta.
* Chemical and Petrochemical Industries: Kugwira zamadzimadzi zowononga monga ma acid, alkalis, ndi zosungunulira, kupindula ndi zinthu monga mipando ya PTFE ndi ma disc a valve okhala ndi PFA.
* Mafuta ndi Gasi: Kuwongolera madzi othamanga kwambiri, otentha kwambiri pamapaipi, zoyenga, ndi nsanja zakunyanja. Mapangidwe a double-offset amakondedwa chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake pansi pazimenezi.
* Makina a HVAC: Kuwongolera kuyenda kwa mpweya, madzi, kapena firiji pamakina otentha ndi ozizira.
* Kupanga mphamvu: Kuwongolera nthunzi, madzi ozizira, kapena madzi ena m'mafakitale amagetsi.
* Makampani opanga zakudya ndi mankhwala: Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zogwirizana ndi FDA (monga PTFE ndi WRA-certified EPDM) pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yopanda kuipitsidwa ndi kukwaniritsa miyezo yaukhondo.
3.6. Kusamalira ndi Kuyendera
Kuti muwonetsetse kugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali, mavavu agulugufe a EN593 amafunikira kukonzedwa pafupipafupi:
* Kuyendera pafupipafupi: Yang'anani miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse mpaka chaka chimodzi kuti muwone ngati zavala, zadzimbiri, kapena zovuta zogwirira ntchito.
* Kupaka mafuta: Chepetsani kukangana ndikukulitsa moyo wa valve.
* Mpando wa Valve ndi Kuyang'anira Chisindikizo: Tsimikizirani kukhulupirika kwa mipando yotanuka kapena yachitsulo kuti mupewe kutayikira.
* Kusamalira Ma actuator: Onetsetsani kuti ma actuator a pneumatic kapena magetsi alibe zinyalala ndipo amagwira ntchito moyenera.
4. Kuyerekeza ndi Miyezo Ina API 609
Ngakhale BS EN 593 imagwira ntchito m'mafakitale, imasiyana ndi muyezo wa API 609, womwe umapangidwira popangira mafuta ndi gasi. Kusiyana kwakukulu kumaphatikizapo:
* Cholinga cha ntchito: API 609 imayang'ana kwambiri malo amafuta ndi gasi, pomwe BS EN 593 imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kukonza madzi ndi kupanga wamba.
* Malingo azovuta: API 609 nthawi zambiri imakhudza Class 150 mpaka Class 2500, pomwe BS EN 593 imaphatikizapo PN 2.5 mpaka PN 160 ndi Class 150 mpaka 900.
* Kapangidwe: API 609 imatsindika za zida zolimbana ndi dzimbiri kuti zipirire zovuta, pomwe BS EN 593 imalola kusankha zinthu zosinthika.
* Kuyesa: Miyezo yonse iwiri imafuna kuyesedwa kolimba, koma API 609 imaphatikizanso zina zofunika pamapangidwe osagwirizana ndi moto, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi gasi.
5. Mapeto
| Mbali | Mfundo Zazikulu Zofotokozedwa ndi EN 593 |
| Mtundu wa Vavu | Mavavu agulugufe azitsulo |
| Ntchito | Manual, gear, pneumatic, magetsi |
| Makulidwe a Pamaso ndi Pamaso | Monga EN 558 Series 20 (wafer/lug) kapena Series 13/14 (flanged) |
| Pressure Rating | Nthawi zambiri PN 6, PN 10, PN 16 (imatha kusiyana) |
| Kutentha kwa Design | Zimatengera zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito |
| Kugwirizana kwa Flange | EN 1092-1 (PN flanges) ISO 7005 |
| Miyezo Yoyesera | TS EN 12266-1 mayeso okakamiza ndi kutayikira |
Muyezo wa BS EN 593:2017 umapereka dongosolo lolimba la mapangidwe, kupanga, ndi kuyesa ma valve agulugufe achitsulo, kuwonetsetsa kudalirika, chitetezo, ndi magwiridwe antchito pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana. Potsatira zomwe zimafunikira pakukakamiza, kukula kwake, zida, ndi kuyesa, opanga amatha kupanga mavavu omwe amakwaniritsa zizindikiro zapadziko lonse lapansi.
Kaya mukufuna mavavu agulugufe amtundu wa wafer, mtundu wa lug, kapena ma valve agulugufe opindika pawiri, kutsatira muyezo wa EN 593 kumatsimikizira kusakanikirana, kulimba, komanso kuwongolera bwino kwamadzimadzi.