1. Kodi valavu ya gulugufe ya EN593 ndi chiyani?
Valavu ya gulugufe ya EN593 imatanthauza valavu ya gulugufe yachitsulo yopangidwa ndi kupangidwa motsatira muyezo wa BS EN 593:2017, wotchedwa “Ma Vavu a Mafakitale - Ma Vavu a Gulugufe a Chitsulo Chachikulu.” Muyezo uwu wafalitsidwa ndi British Standards Institution (BSI) ndipo ukugwirizana ndi miyezo ya ku Ulaya (EN), kupereka dongosolo lonse la kapangidwe, zipangizo, miyeso, mayeso, ndi magwiridwe antchito a ma vavu a gulugufe.
Ma valve a gulugufe a EN593 amadziwika ndi matupi awo a ma valve achitsulo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizira, monga wafer-type, lug-type, kapena double-flanged. Ma valve a gulugufewa amatha kugwira ntchito pansi pa mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya kupanikizika ndi kutentha. Muyezo uwu umatsimikizira kuti ma valve akukwaniritsa zofunikira zolimba kuti akhale otetezeka, olimba, ogwirizana, komanso odalirika.
2. Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri za Ma Valves a Gulugufe a EN593
* Kugwira ntchito kotala: Ma valve a gulugufe amagwira ntchito pozungulira diski ya valavu madigiri 90, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kayendedwe ka madzi kayende mwachangu komanso moyenera.
* Kapangidwe kakang'ono: Poyerekeza ndi ma valve a chipata, ma valve a mpira, kapena ma valve a globe, ma valve a gulugufe ndi opepuka komanso osunga malo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale abwino kwambiri poyika malo okhala ndi malo ochepa.
* Maulumikizidwe osiyanasiyana: Amapezeka mu wafer, lug, double flange, single flange, kapena U-type designs, zogwirizana ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana a mapaipi.
* Kukana dzimbiri: Yopangidwa ndi zipangizo zapamwamba kwambiri zosagwira dzimbiri kuti zitsimikizire kulimba m'malo owononga.
* Mphamvu yochepa: Yopangidwa kuti ichepetse kufunika kwa mphamvu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti magetsi azigwira ntchito ndi ma actuator ang'onoang'ono komanso kuchepetsa ndalama.
* Kutseka kosatulutsa madzi: Ma valve ambiri a EN593 ali ndi mipando yofewa yotanuka kapena mipando yachitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba ngati thovu kuti igwire bwino ntchito.
3. BS EN 593: 2017 Tsatanetsatane wa Standard
Pofika mu 2025, muyezo wa BS EN 593 unayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa 2017. EN593 ndi chitsogozo chokwanira cha ma valve a gulugufe achitsulo, chomwe chimalongosola zofunikira zochepa pakupanga, zipangizo, miyeso, ndi mayeso. Zotsatirazi ndi chiyambi chatsatanetsatane cha zomwe zili mu muyezo, zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi deta yamakampani.
3.1. Mulingo wa muyezo
BS EN 593:2017 imagwira ntchito pa mavavu a gulugufe achitsulo pazinthu zonse, kuphatikizapo kudzipatula, kulamulira, kapena kuwongolera kuyenda kwa madzi. Imagwira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavavu okhala ndi maulumikizidwe a mapipe, monga:
* Mtundu wa Wafer: Womangiriridwa pakati pa ma flange awiri, wokhala ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono komanso kapangidwe kopepuka.
* Mtundu wa chikwama: Chili ndi mabowo olowera ndi ulusi, oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa chitoliro.
* Yokhala ndi mipiringidzo iwiri: Ili ndi mipiringidzo yolumikizirana, yolumikizidwa mwachindunji ku mipiringidzo ya mapaipi.
* Yokhala ndi flange imodzi: Ili ndi ma flange ofunikira pakati pa thupi la valavu.
* Mtundu wa U: Mtundu wapadera wa valavu yamtundu wa wafer yokhala ndi malekezero awiri a flange ndi miyeso yaying'ono yoyang'anizana.
3.2. Kupanikizika ndi Kukula kwa Mitundu
BS EN 593:2017 imatchula kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga ndi kukula kwa ma valve a gulugufe:
* Kuchuluka kwa kupanikizika:
- PN 2.5, PN 6, PN 10, PN 16, PN 25, PN 40, PN 63, PN 100, PN 160 (mavoti a ku Ulaya okhudza kupanikizika).
- Kalasi 150, Kalasi 300, Kalasi 600, Kalasi 900 (ASME pressure ratings).
* Kukula kwa mitundu:
- DN 20 mpaka DN 4000 (m'mimba mwake, pafupifupi mainchesi 3/4 mpaka mainchesi 160).
3.3. Zofunikira pa Kapangidwe ndi Kupanga
Muyezo uwu umatchula njira zinazake zopangira kuti zitsimikizire kudalirika ndi magwiridwe antchito a valavu:
* Zinthu zomangira ma valve: Ma valve ayenera kupangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zachitsulo monga chitsulo chosungunuka, chitsulo cha carbon (ASTM A216 WCB), chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (ASTM A351 CF8/CF8M), kapena bronze ya aluminiyamu (C95800).
* Kapangidwe ka diski ya valavu: Disk ya valavu ikhoza kukhala yapakati kapena yosiyana (yomwe imachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mpando ndi mphamvu yake).
* Zipangizo za mipando ya mavavu: Mipando ya mavavu ikhoza kupangidwa ndi zinthu zotanuka (monga rabala kapena PTFE) kapena zinthu zachitsulo, kutengera momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito. Mipando yotanuka imapereka chitseko chosatulutsa madzi, pomwe mipando yachitsulo iyeneranso kupirira kutentha kwambiri komanso dzimbiri kuwonjezera pa kusatulutsa madzi.
* Miyeso yoyang'anana maso ndi maso: Muyenera kutsatira miyezo ya EN 558-1 kapena ISO 5752 kuti muwonetsetse kuti ikugwirizana ndi makina opachikira mapaipi.
* Miyeso ya Flange: Imagwirizana ndi miyezo monga EN 1092-2 (PN10/PN16), ANSI B16.1, ASME B16.5, kapena BS 10 Table D/E, kutengera mtundu wa valavu.
* Choyeretsera: Ma valve amatha kuyendetsedwa ndi manja (chogwirira kapena bokosi la gearbox) kapena kuyendetsedwa yokha (choyeretsera cha pneumatic, chamagetsi, kapena cha hydraulic). Flange yapamwamba iyenera kutsatira miyezo ya ISO 5211 kuti ilole kukhazikitsa kwa actuator kokhazikika.
3.4. Kuyesa ndi Kuyang'anira
Kuti muwonetsetse kuti zinthu zili bwino komanso zikuyenda bwino, BS EN 593:2017 imafuna mayeso okhwima:
* Kuyesa kuthamanga kwa hydraulic: Kumatsimikizira kuti valavuyo siitulutsa madzi pakapanikizika komwe kwatchulidwa.
* Kuyesa kwa ntchito: Kumatsimikizira kuti ntchito ikuyenda bwino komanso mphamvu yoyenera pansi pa mikhalidwe yoyeserera.
* Kuyesa Kutaya: Tsimikizani kutseka kwa mpando wa valavu yolimba ngati thovu molingana ndi miyezo ya EN 12266-1 kapena API 598.
* Satifiketi Yoyendera: Wopanga ayenera kupereka malipoti oyesa ndi kuwunika kuti atsimikizire kuti akutsatira miyezo.
3.5. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve a gulugufe a EN593
* Kukonza Madzi: Kuwongolera ndi kupatula kuyenda kwa madzi abwino osiyanasiyana, madzi a m'nyanja, kapena zinyalala. Zipangizo ndi zokutira zosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kumalo ovuta.
* Makampani Opanga Mankhwala ndi Mafuta: Kusamalira madzi owononga monga ma acid, alkali, ndi zosungunulira, kupindula ndi zinthu monga mipando ya PTFE ndi ma diski a valve okhala ndi PFA.
* Mafuta ndi Gasi: Kusamalira madzi otentha kwambiri komanso amphamvu m'mapaipi, mafakitale oyeretsera, ndi malo osungiramo zinthu m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kapangidwe kake ka double-offset kamakondedwa chifukwa cha kulimba kwake pansi pa mikhalidwe iyi.
* Makina a HVAC: Kulamulira kayendedwe ka mpweya, madzi, kapena firiji m'makina otenthetsera ndi ozizira.
* Kupanga magetsi: Kulamulira nthunzi, madzi ozizira, kapena madzi ena m'mafakitale opanga magetsi.
* Makampani ogulitsa zakudya ndi mankhwala: Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi FDA (monga PTFE ndi EPDM yovomerezeka ndi WRA) kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito popanda kuipitsidwa komanso kukwaniritsa miyezo yaukhondo.
3.6. Kukonza ndi Kuyang'anira
Kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, ma valve a gulugufe a EN593 amafunika kusamalidwa nthawi zonse:
* Kuchuluka kwa nthawi yowunikira: Yang'anani miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse mpaka chaka chimodzi ngati pali mavuto obwera chifukwa cha kuwonongeka, dzimbiri, kapena ntchito.
* Mafuta: Chepetsani kukangana ndikuwonjezera nthawi ya moyo wa valavu.
* Kuyang'anira Mpando wa Vavu ndi Chisindikizo: Tsimikizani kukhulupirika kwa mipando ya vavu yotanuka kapena yachitsulo kuti mupewe kutuluka kwa madzi.
* Kusamalira Actuator: Onetsetsani kuti ma actuator a pneumatic kapena amagetsi alibe zinyalala ndipo amagwira ntchito bwino.
4. Kuyerekeza ndi Miyezo Ina API 609
Ngakhale kuti BS EN 593 imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale onse, imasiyana ndi muyezo wa API 609, womwe wapangidwira makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi gasi. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi:
* Cholinga cha ntchito: API 609 imayang'ana kwambiri malo okhala mafuta ndi gasi, pomwe BS EN 593 imayang'ana kwambiri mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kukonza madzi ndi kupanga zinthu zambiri.
* Kuyeza kwa kupanikizika: API 609 nthawi zambiri imaphimba Gulu 150 mpaka Gulu 2500, pomwe BS EN 593 imaphatikiza PN 2.5 mpaka PN 160 ndi Gulu 150 mpaka Gulu 900.
* Kapangidwe: API 609 imalimbikitsa zinthu zosagwira dzimbiri kuti zipirire mikhalidwe yovuta, pomwe BS EN 593 imalola kusankha zinthu zosinthasintha.
* Kuyesa: Miyezo yonse iwiri imafuna mayeso okhwima, koma API 609 ikuphatikizapo zofunikira zina pakupanga kosapsa ndi moto, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi gasi.
5. Mapeto
| Mbali | Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri Zofotokozedwa ndi EN 593 |
| Mtundu wa Valavu | Ma valve a gulugufe achitsulo |
| Ntchito | Manja, zida, pneumatic, zamagetsi |
| Miyeso ya Maso ndi Maso | Malinga ndi EN 558 Series 20 (wafer/lug) kapena Series 13/14 (yokhala ndi flanged) |
| Kuyeza kwa Kupanikizika | Kawirikawiri PN 6, PN 10, PN 16 (zimasiyana) |
| Kutentha kwa Kapangidwe | Kutengera ndi zinthu zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito |
| Kugwirizana kwa Flange | EN 1092-1 (ma flange a PN), ISO 7005 |
| Miyezo Yoyesera | EN 12266-1 yoyesera kuthamanga ndi kutayikira kwa madzi |
Muyezo wa BS EN 593:2017 umapereka dongosolo lolimba la kapangidwe, kupanga, ndi kuyesa ma valve a gulugufe achitsulo, kuonetsetsa kuti ndi odalirika, otetezeka, komanso ogwira ntchito bwino pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Potsatira zofunikira za muyezo wa kupanikizika, kukula, zipangizo, ndi mayeso, opanga amatha kupanga ma valve omwe amakwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi.
Kaya mukufuna ma valve a gulugufe okhala ndi ma wafer, ma lug, kapena ma double-flanged butterfly, kutsatira muyezo wa EN 593 kumatsimikizira kuti pali kulumikizana bwino, kulimba, komanso kuwongolera bwino madzi.