1. Kodi vavu ya gulugufe ndi chiyani?
1.1 Chiyambi cha mavavu agulugufe
Mavavu agulugufe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera madzimadzi. Ma valve awa amayendetsa kayendedwe ka madzi ndi mpweya m'mapaipi. Mapangidwe osavuta, kuyankha mwamsanga ndi mtengo wotsika wa ma valve a butterfly ndi wokongola kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi kwa ma valve a butterfly kumakhudza magawo osiyanasiyana. Njira zoperekera madzi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mavavu agulugufewa. Malo opangira madzi onyansa amadaliranso iwo. Makampani amafuta ndi gasi amafunikira kwambiri mavavu agulugufe osapanga dzimbiri. Machitidwe otetezera moto ndi mafakitale a mankhwala amapindulanso ndi ntchito yawo. Malo opangira mphamvu nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza ma valve a butterfly mu ntchito zawo.
1.2 Zigawo zoyambira
Mavavu agulugufe amapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo zofunika. Chigawo chilichonse chimakhala chofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa valve.
Thupi la vavu
Thupi la valve limatha kumveka ngati chipolopolo chakunja cha gulugufe, chomwe chimakhala ndi zigawo zina zonse. Chigawo ichi chimayikidwa pakati pa ma flanges a chitoliro.
Chimbale
Diskiyo imakhala ngati chipata mkati mwa valve ndipo ndi gawo lowongolera madzi. Chigawochi chimazungulira kuti chisamayendetse madzimadzi. Kuzungulira kwa disc kumatsimikizira ngati valavu ili yotseguka kapena yotsekedwa.
mpando
Mpando wa valve umayikidwa pamwamba pa thupi la valve ndipo umapereka chisindikizo cha diski ya valve mu malo otsekedwa. Mpando wa valve ukhoza kupangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga mphira, zitsulo, kapena kuphatikiza zonsezi, malingana ndi ntchito.
Tsinde
Tsinde la valve limagwirizanitsa diski ndi actuator. Chigawo ichi chimatumiza ku diski. Kuzungulira kwa tsinde kumayang'anira kuzungulira kwa diski.
Woyendetsa
The actuator imatha kukhala yamanja (chogwirira kapena giya la nyongolotsi), pneumatic, kapena magetsi, kutengera mulingo wofunikira.
2. Kodi valavu ya gulugufe imachita chiyani? Kodi valavu ya butterfly imagwira ntchito bwanji?
2.1 Kusuntha kozungulira kotala
Mavavu agulugufe amagwiritsa ntchito njira yozungulira kotala. Kutembenuza diski 90 madigiri kumatsegula kapena kutseka valavu. Ili ndilo yankho lofulumira lomwe latchulidwa pamwambapa. Kuchita kosavuta kumeneku kumapangitsa ma valve a butterfly kukhala abwino kwa mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kusintha mwachangu.
Ubwino wa kuyenda uku ndi zambiri. Kapangidwe kameneka kamatsimikizira kugwira ntchito mwachangu, komwe kumakhala kofunikira nthawi zina pomwe kusintha kwa ma valve kumafunika. Kuphatikizika kwa mavavu agulugufe kumapulumutsanso malo ndikuchepetsa ndalama zoyika. Mudzapeza mavavuwa ndi otsika mtengo komanso osavuta kuwasamalira.
2.2 Njira yogwirira ntchito
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito valve ya butterfly ndi yosavuta. Mumatsegula valavu potembenuza chowongolera kuti muyike chimbale chofanana ndi momwe madzi amayendera. Malowa amalola madzimadzi kudutsa ndi kukana kochepa. Kuti mutseke valavu, mumatembenuza disc perpendicular kwa kayendedwe ka madzi, zomwe zimapanga chisindikizo ndikuletsa kutuluka.
3. Mitundu ya Mavavu a Gulugufe
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mavavu agulugufe, iliyonse yopangidwira ntchito zinazake komanso kuyika.
3.1 Ma Vavu Agulugufe Okhazikika
Mapangidwe a valavu ya butterfly ya concentric ndi yosavuta. Diski ndi mpando zimagwirizana pakatikati pa valve. Mpando wa valavu yagulugufe wapakati umapangidwa ndi zinthu zotanuka, choncho ndi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zotsika kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri mumawona ma valve agulugufe okhazikika pamakina operekera madzi.
3.2 Mavavu agulugufe ang'onoang'ono (ogwira ntchito kwambiri).
Mavavu agulugufe ang'onoang'ono awiri amagwira bwino ntchito. Diskiyo imachotsedwa pakatikati pa valavu, kuchepetsa kuvala pa diski ndi mpando ndikuwongolera chisindikizo. Mapangidwe awa ndi oyenera kupanikizika kwambiri. Ma valve owirikiza kawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale monga mafuta ndi gasi.
3.3 Mavavu agulugufe atatu
Mavavu agulugufe atatu ali ndi luso losindikiza bwino kwambiri. Kutengera ma valve agulugufe opangidwa ndi ma eccentric, cholumikizira champando chimakhala chachitatu, kumachepetsa kukhudzana ndi mpando pakugwira ntchito. Mapangidwe awa amawonjezera moyo wautumiki wa valavu yonse ya gulugufe ndikuonetsetsa kuti chisindikizo cholimba. Mupeza ma eccentric mavavu atatu m'mapulogalamu ovuta pomwe zero kutayikira kumafunika pakutentha kwambiri komanso kupsinjika.
4. Mawonekedwe ndi Ubwino wa Mavavu a Gulugufe
4.1 Mawonekedwe a Gulugufe Mavavu
Mavavu agulugufe amatsegula kapena kutseka ndi kutembenuka kosavuta kwa madigiri 90. Mapangidwe awa amalola kuti agwire ntchito mwachangu, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino pamikhalidwe yomwe kusintha mwachangu kumafunikira. Makinawa amatsimikizira kuti valavu imatsegula ndi kukana kochepa, kupereka mphamvu yoyendetsera bwino.
Ma valve a butterfly amaperekanso ubwino wosiyanasiyana. Mupeza kuti ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito chifukwa chosowa torque. Izi zimapangitsa kukula kwa actuator ndi kukhazikitsa kutsika mtengo. Mapangidwewo amachepetsanso kuvala pazigawo za valve, kuonjezera moyo wautumiki ndi kudalirika.
Ma valve ena, monga ma valve a zipata, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi madontho otsika kwambiri ndipo amafunikira chisamaliro chochulukirapo. Ndipo mungapeze kuti ma valve olowera pachipata sali oyenera kugwira ntchito mwachangu komanso pafupipafupi, mfundo yomwe yatchulidwa kwina. Mavavu agulugufe amapambana m'malo awa, kuwapanga kukhala chisankho chodziwika bwino m'mafakitale ambiri.
4.2 Poyerekeza ndi ma valve ena
Poyerekeza ma valve agulugufe ndi mitundu ina ya mavavu, mudzawona kusiyana kwakukulu.
4.2.1 Chophimba chaching'ono cha phazi
Mavavu agulugufe amakhala ophatikizika, opepuka, ndipo amakhala ndi utali wanthawi yayitali, motero amakwanira pamalo aliwonse.
4.2.2 Mtengo Wotsika
Mavavu agulugufe amagwiritsa ntchito zopangira zochepa, motero mtengo wake umakhala wotsika kuposa ma valve ena. Ndipo mtengo woyikanso ndi wotsika.
4.2.3 Mapangidwe Opepuka
Valve yagulugufe ndi yopepuka chifukwa imapereka zosankha zingapo zakuthupi. Mutha kusankha mavavu agulugufe opangidwa ndi zinthu zolimba monga chitsulo cha ductile, WCB kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zidazi zimakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri. Kupepuka kwa zinthuzo kumapangitsanso kukhala kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndikuyika.
Mapangidwe opepuka amakhudza kwambiri kukhazikitsa. Ma valve a butterfly ndi osavuta kukhazikitsa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwawo komanso kulemera kwawo. Izi zimachepetsa kufunika kwa zida zonyamulira zolemetsa.
4.2.4 Zotsika mtengo
Ma valve a butterfly ndi njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yowongolera madzimadzi. Valve ya gulugufe ili ndi magulu ochepa amkati, imafunikira zinthu zochepa komanso ntchito kuti ipange, ndipo yachepetsa ndalama zolipirira, zomwe zimachepetsa mtengo wonse. Mudzapeza kuti ma valve a butterfly ndi chisankho chachuma pa ndalama zoyamba komanso ntchito yayitali.
4.2.5 Kusindikiza mwamphamvu
Kusindikiza mwamphamvu ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino cha ma valve a butterfly. Chisindikizo chotetezeka chimasunga umphumphu wa dongosolo ndikuletsa kutaya madzimadzi.
Chimbale ndi mpando zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kupanga kutayikira kwabwino kwa 0. Makamaka, ma valve agulugufe atatu amatsimikizira kuti ma valve amagwira ntchito bwino ngakhale pazovuta kwambiri.
5. Kusinthasintha kwa ntchito zamagulugufe
Mavavu agulugufe amawala chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo. Zitha kupezeka kulikonse komwe kukufunika kuwongolera madzimadzi odalirika.
Ma valve a butterfly amagwira ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Njira zoperekera madzi, zopangira zonyansa zimapindula ndi kudalirika kwawo. Makampani amafuta ndi gasi amadalira mavavu agulugufe kuti agwire madzi osiyanasiyana. Makina oteteza moto amagwiritsa ntchito ma valve agulugufe kuti ayankhe mwachangu. Makampani opanga mankhwala amawagwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera ndendende zinthu zowopsa. Malo opangira magetsi amadalira mavavu agulugufe kuti azigwira bwino ntchito.
Zitsanzo zimenezi zikusonyeza mmene mavavu agulugufe amakwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana za mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Mutha kukhulupirira ma valve agulugufe kuti apereke magwiridwe antchito odalirika pakugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse.
6. Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito ma valve agulugufe a ZFA
6.1 Kuchepetsa ndalama
Mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa mavavu agulugufe a ZFA sikutanthauza kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo. M'malo mwake, imagwiritsa ntchito wothandizira wokhazikika wazinthu zopangira, luso lopanga zinthu zambiri, ndi njira yokhwima yopangira kuti achepetse ndalama zogwirira ntchito.
6.2 Ubwino wazachuma wanthawi yayitali
Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mavavu agulugufe a ZFA ndi zenizeni, zokhala ndi ma valavu okulirapo, mipando yoyera ya mphira, ndi ma valve achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri. Izi zimatsimikizira moyo wautali wautumiki ndikuchepetsa kufunika kolowa m'malo. Sizimangokuthandizani kuchepetsa zofunikira zosamalira, komanso zimachepetsanso ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito.
6.3 Utumiki wabwino pambuyo pogulitsa
Opanga ma valve a butterfly a Zfa amapereka nthawi yotsimikizira mpaka miyezi 18 (kuyambira tsiku lotumizidwa).
6.3.1 Nthawi ya chitsimikizo
Zogulitsa zathu zama valve agulugufe zimasangalala ndi chitsimikizo cha miyezi 12 kuyambira tsiku logula. Panthawiyi, ngati mankhwalawo apezeka kuti ndi olakwika kapena owonongeka chifukwa cha zovuta zakuthupi kapena zopangira zinthu, lembani fomu yautumiki (kuphatikizapo nambala ya invoice, kufotokozera mavuto ndi zithunzi zokhudzana nazo), ndipo tidzapereka kukonzanso kwaulere kapena ntchito yowonjezera.
6.3.2 Thandizo laukadaulo
Timapereka chithandizo chaukadaulo chakutali, kuphatikiza chitsogozo choyika zinthu, maphunziro ogwirira ntchito ndi malingaliro okonza. Tiyankha mkati mwa maola 24.
6.3.3 Utumiki wapamalo
Muzochitika zapadera, ngati chithandizo chapamalo chikufunika, akatswiri athu amakonzekera ulendo mwamsanga.