1. Kodi vavu ya butterfly ya pneumatic ndi chiyani?
Valovu yagulugufe wa pneumatic ndi valavu yokhotakhota kotala yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kapena kupatula kutuluka kwamadzi mupaipi. Amakhala ndi diski yozungulira (yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "disc") yomwe imayikidwa pa tsinde, yomwe imazungulira mkati mwa thupi la valve. "Pneumatic" imatanthawuza makina oyendetsa, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya woponderezedwa kuti agwiritse ntchito valavu, yomwe imathandizira kulamulira kwakutali kapena makina.
Vavu yagulugufe ya pneumatic imatha kugawidwa m'zigawo ziwiri zazikulu: cholumikizira chibayo ndi valavu yagulugufe.
· Thupi la valavu ya butterfly: Limakhala ndi thupi la valve, disc (disiki), tsinde, ndi mpando. Chimbale chimazungulira mozungulira tsinde kuti chitsegule ndi kutseka valavu.
· Pneumatic actuator: Imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya woponderezedwa ngati gwero lamagetsi, kuyendetsa pistoni kapena vane kuti ipangitse kuyenda mozungulira kapena mozungulira.
Zigawo Zofunikira
*Vavu ya Gulugufe:
- Thupi la Vavu: Nyumba yomwe imakhala ndi diski ndikulumikizana ndi chitoliro.
- Disiki (disiki): mbale yathyathyathya kapena yokwezeka pang'ono yomwe imawongolera kuyenda. Ikagwiridwa mofanana ndi njira yothamanga, valve imatsegula; ikagwiridwa perpendicular, imatseka.
- Tsinde: Ndodo yolumikizidwa ku diski yomwe imatumiza mphamvu yozungulira kuchokera ku actuator.
- Zisindikizo ndi mipando: Onetsetsani kuti kutsekedwa kolimba ndikupewa kutayikira.
*Actuator
- Pneumatic actuator: Nthawi zambiri pisitoni kapena mtundu wa diaphragm, imasintha kuthamanga kwa mpweya kukhala kuyenda kwamakina. Zitha kukhala ziwiri (kuthamanga kwa mpweya potsegula ndi kutseka) kapena kuchita kamodzi (mpweya wa mbali imodzi, kasupe wobwerera).
2. Mfundo Yoyendetsera Ntchito
Kugwira ntchito kwa valavu yagulugufe wa pneumatic kwenikweni ndi njira yomangidwa ndi "compressed air actuation.→actuator actuator→Kuzungulira kwa disc kuti kuwongolera kuyenda." Mwachidule, mphamvu ya pneumatic (mpweya woponderezedwa) imasinthidwa kukhala makina ozungulira kuti akhazikitse diski.
2.1. Zochitika:
- Mpweya woponderezedwa wochokera kunja (monga kompresa kapena makina owongolera) umaperekedwa kwa pneumatic actuator.
- Mu actuator yochita kawiri, mpweya umalowa padoko limodzi kuti uzungulire tsinde la valavu molunjika (ie, kutsegula valavu), ndikulowa padoko lina kuti lizungulire molunjika. Izi zimapanga kusuntha kwa mzere mu pistoni kapena diaphragm, yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala kusinthasintha kwa madigiri 90 ndi rack-and-pinion kapena Scotch-gori.
- Mu actuator yomwe imagwira ntchito imodzi, kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumakankhira pisitoni ku kasupe kuti atsegule valavu, ndipo kutulutsa mpweya kumapangitsa kuti kasupe azitseka basi (kulephera kotetezedwa).
2.2. Kugwira ntchito kwa valve:
- Pamene actuator imazungulira tsinde la valve, diski imazungulira mkati mwa thupi la valve.
- Open Position: Chimbalecho chikufanana ndi njira yoyendetsera, kuchepetsa kukana ndikulola kuyenda kwathunthu kudzera mupaipi. - Malo otsekedwa: Diski imazungulira madigiri a 90, perpendicular to flow, kutsekereza ndimeyi ndikusindikiza pampando.
- Malo apakati amatha kuyendetsa bwino, ngakhale ma valve agulugufe ndi abwino kwambiri kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha kusiyana ndi kuwongolera bwino chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo osagwirizana.
2.3. Kuwongolera ndi Ndemanga:
- The actuator nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi valavu ya solenoid kapena poyikapo kuti athe kuwongolera bwino kudzera pamagetsi.
- Sensa imatha kupereka malingaliro a valve kuti atsimikizire kugwira ntchito modalirika pamakina odzichitira okha.
3. Kuchita Kumodzi ndi Kuchita Pawiri
3.1 Wogwiritsa Ntchito Pawiri (Palibe Kubwerera Kwakasupe)
The actuator ili ndi zipinda ziwiri zotsutsana za pistoni. Mpweya woponderezedwa umayendetsedwa ndi valavu ya solenoid, kusinthasintha pakati pa "kutsegula" ndi "kutseka" zipinda:
Mpweya woponderezedwa ukalowa m'chipinda "chotsegula", umakankhira pisitoni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tsinde la valve lizizungulira mozungulira (kapena motsatana ndi koloko, kutengera kapangidwe kake), zomwe zimazungulira chimbale kuti chitsegule payipi.
Mpweya woponderezedwa ukalowa m'chipinda "chotseka", umakankhira pisitoni kumbali ina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tsinde la valve lizizungulira diski molunjika, ndikutseka payipi. Mawonekedwe: Pamene mpweya woponderezedwa utayika, chimbalecho chimakhalabe momwe chilili ("kulephera-otetezeka").
3.2 Single-Acting Actuator (ndi Spring Return)
The actuator ili ndi chipinda chimodzi chokha cholowera mpweya, chokhala ndi kasupe wobwerera mbali inayo:
Pamene mpweya ukuyenda: Mpweya woponderezedwa umalowa m'chipinda cholowera, ndikugonjetsa mphamvu ya masika kukankhira pisitoni, kuchititsa kuti diskiyo ikhale "yotseguka" kapena "yotsekedwa";
Mpweya ukatayika: Mphamvu ya masika imatulutsidwa, kukankhira pisitoni kumbuyo, kuchititsa kuti diski ibwerere ku "malo otetezedwa" (nthawi zambiri "otsekedwa", komanso akhoza kupangidwa kuti "otseguka").
Mawonekedwe: Ili ndi ntchito ya "fail-safe" ndipo ndiyoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira njira zotetezera, monga zomwe zimayatsa, zophulika, ndi zida zapoizoni.
4. Ubwino
Mavavu agulugufe a pneumatic ndi oyenera kugwira ntchito mwachangu, zomwe zimangofuna kutembenukira kotala, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera kumafakitale monga kuthira madzi, HVAC, ndi kukonza mankhwala.
- Nthawi yoyankha mwachangu chifukwa cha pneumatic actuation.
- Zotsika mtengo komanso kukonza kosavuta poyerekeza ndi magetsi kapena ma hydraulic.
- Mapangidwe apakatikati komanso opepuka.