Malo otsekera a valavu nthawi zambiri amawonongeka, amawonongeka komanso amavala ndi sing'anga, kotero ndi gawo lomwe limawonongeka mosavuta pa valavu. Monga valavu ya mpira wa pneumatic ndi valavu yamagetsi ya gulugufe ndi mavalavu ena odziyimira pawokha, chifukwa cha kutsegula ndi kutseka pafupipafupi komanso mwachangu, khalidwe lawo ndi moyo wawo zimakhudzidwa mwachindunji. Chofunikira chachikulu cha malo otsekera a valavu ndikuti valavuyo iwonetsetse kuti itseka bwino komanso modalirika pansi pa mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito yomwe yatchulidwa. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zomwe zili pamwamba pake ziyenera kukhala ndi izi:
(1) Kugwira bwino ntchito yotseka, ndiko kuti, pamwamba pake potseka payenera kukhala potha kuletsa kutuluka kwa chosindikiziracho;
(2) Ili ndi mphamvu inayake, pamwamba pake potsekera payenera kukhala potha kupirira mphamvu yeniyeni yotsekera yomwe imapangidwa ndi kusiyana kwa mphamvu yapakati;
(3) Kukana dzimbiri, chifukwa cha ntchito yayitali ya zinthu zowononga komanso kupsinjika, pamwamba pake payenera kukhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa dzimbiri komwe kumagwirizana ndi zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake;
(4) Kutha kukana kukanda, kutseka kwa valavu zonse ndi zotsekera zosinthika, ndipo pali kukangana pakati pa kutseka panthawi yotsegulira ndi kutseka;
(5) Kukana kukokoloka kwa nthaka, pamwamba pake potseka payenera kukhala potha kukana kukokoloka kwa zinthu zothamanga kwambiri komanso kugundana kwa tinthu tolimba;
(6) Kukhazikika bwino kwa kutentha, pamwamba pake payenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso kukana okosijeni kutentha kwambiri, ndipo payenera kukhala kukana kuzizira kofooka kutentha kochepa;
(7) Kugwira ntchito bwino pokonza, kosavuta kupanga ndi kusamalira, valavu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la ntchito zambiri, ndipo imatsimikizika kuti idzakhala ndi phindu la ndalama.
Mikhalidwe yogwiritsira ntchito ndi mfundo zosankhidwira zipangizo zotsekera pamwamba pa mavavu. Zipangizo zotsekera pamwamba zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: chitsulo ndi chosakhala chitsulo. Mikhalidwe yogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi iyi:
(1) Rabala. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito potseka ma valve a chipata otsekedwa bwino, ma valve a diaphragm, ma valve a gulugufe, ma valve owunikira ndi ma valve ena.
(2) Pulasitiki. Mapulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potseka pamwamba ndi nayiloni ndi PTFE, zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi dzimbiri komanso mphamvu yochepa yokangana.
(3) Babbitt. Imadziwikanso kuti bearing alloy, ili ndi kukana dzimbiri bwino komanso mphamvu yabwino yogwirira ntchito. Ndi yoyenera kutseka pamwamba pa valavu yotseka ya ammonia yokhala ndi kuthamanga kochepa komanso kutentha kwa -70-150℃.
(4) Aloyi ya mkuwa. Ili ndi mphamvu yotha kuwononga komanso mphamvu yoteteza kutentha. Ndi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito valavu yozungulira, valavu yachitsulo chosungunuka ndi valavu yoyang'anira, ndi zina zotero. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamadzi ndi nthunzi yokhala ndi mphamvu yochepa komanso kutentha kosapitirira 200℃.
(5) Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Chrome-nickel. Chimalimbana ndi dzimbiri, chimalimbana ndi kukokoloka kwa nthaka komanso chimalimbana ndi kutentha. Choyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nthunzi ya nitric acid.
(6) Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Chrome. Chimalimbana bwino ndi dzimbiri ndipo nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma valve okhala ndi kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kutentha kosapitirira 450 ℃ pa mafuta, nthunzi yamadzi ndi zinthu zina.
(7) Chitsulo chokhala ndi chromium yambiri. Chimalimbana bwino ndi dzimbiri komanso chimalimbitsa ntchito, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka mphamvu zambiri, mafuta otentha kwambiri, nthunzi ndi zinthu zina.
(8) Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi nitride. Chimalimbana bwino ndi dzimbiri komanso kukanda, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma valve a chipata cha magetsi. Chida ichi chingasankhidwenso ngati chozungulira cha ma valve a mpira olimba.
(9) Carbide. Ili ndi zinthu zambiri monga kukana dzimbiri, kukana kukokoloka kwa nthaka ndi kukana kukanda, ndipo imakhala ndi moyo wautali. Ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chotseka. Ma electrode opangidwa ndi tungsten drill alloy ndi drill base alloy surfacing, ndi zina zotero, amatha kupanga malo otsekera opanikizika kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri, oyenera mafuta, mafuta, gasi, haidrojeni ndi zinthu zina.
(10) Spray welding alloy. Pali ma alloy okhala ndi cobalt, ma alloy okhala ndi nickel, ndi ma alloy okhala ndi chibwano, omwe ali ndi kukana dzimbiri komanso kukana kukalamba.
Pofuna kutsimikizira chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa chisindikizo cha valavu, zinthu zomwe zasankhidwa ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Ngati chosindikiziracho chili ndi zinthu zowononga kwambiri, posankha zinthu, choyamba chiyenera kukwaniritsa ntchito yowononga, kenako chikwaniritse zofunikira zina; Chisindikizo cha valavu ya chipata chiyenera kusamala ndi kukana bwino kukanda; Ma valve oteteza, ma valve opopera ndi valavu yowongolera zimawonongeka mosavuta ndi chosindikiziracho, ndipo zinthu zomwe zili ndi kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri ziyenera kusankhidwa; Pa kapangidwe kozungulira ka mphete yosindikizira ndi thupi, zinthu zomwe zili ndi kuuma kwakukulu ziyenera kuonedwa ngati malo osindikizira; Ma valve ambiri okhala ndi kutentha kochepa komanso kupanikizika ayenera kusankha rabara ndi pulasitiki yokhala ndi ntchito yabwino yosindikiza ngati chosindikizira; Posankha zinthu zosindikizira, ziyenera kudziwika kuti kuuma kwa pamwamba pa mpando wa valavu kuyenera kukhala kokwera kuposa pamwamba pa chosindikizira cha valavu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-02-2022