Momwe ma valve owongolera, ma valve ozungulira, ma valve a chipata ndi ma valve owunikira amagwirira ntchito

Valavu yowongolera, yomwe imatchedwanso valavu yowongolera, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kukula kwa madzi. Pamene gawo lowongolera la valavu limalandira chizindikiro chowongolera, tsinde la valavu limadziwongolera lokha kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa valavu malinga ndi chizindikirocho, motero limayang'anira kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kuthamanga kwake; nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsera, gasi, petrochemical ndi mapaipi ena.

Valavu yoyimitsa, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti valavu yoyimitsa, imatha kutseka kwathunthu chotulutsira mpando wa valavu poika mphamvu pozungulira tsinde la valavu, potero imaletsa kuyenda kwa madzi; mavalavu oyimitsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mpweya wachilengedwe, mpweya wosungunuka, sulfuric acid ndi mapaipi ena owononga ndi madzi.

Valavu ya chipataili ngati chipata. Pozungulira tsinde la valavu, chipatacho chimayendetsedwa kuti chiziyenda molunjika mmwamba ndi pansi kuti chiwongolere madzi. Mphete zotsekera mbali zonse ziwiri za chipatacho zimatha kutseka gawo lonselo. Vavu ya chipata imatha kutsegulidwa kwathunthu ndikutsekedwa kwathunthu, ndipo singagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwongolera kuyenda. Mavavu a chipata amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati zida zotsekera madzi m'madzi apampopi, zimbudzi, zombo ndi mapaipi ena.
 

Valavu yowunikira swingimadalira mphamvu ya madzi kuti itsegule chivundikiro cha valavu. Pamene mphamvu ya madzi m'mapaipi olowera ndi otulutsira valavu ili yofanana, chivundikiro cha valavu chimatha kutseka ndi mphamvu yake yokoka kuti madzi asadutse. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuletsa madzi kuti asabwerere m'mbuyo. Kuyenda, ndi gawo la gulu la ma valavu odziyimira pawokha; amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu mafuta, mankhwala, mankhwala ndi mapaipi ena.