1/Concept

Nyundo yamadzi imatchedwanso nyundo yamadzi.Panthawi yonyamula madzi (kapena zakumwa zina), chifukwa cha kutsegula kapena kutseka mwadzidzidziApi Butterfly Valve, ma valve pachipata, fufuzani vavles ndima valve a mpira.Kuyima kwadzidzidzi kwa mapampu amadzi, kutsegula mwadzidzidzi ndi kutseka kwa mavane otsogolera, ndi zina zotero, kuthamanga kwa madzi kumasintha mwadzidzidzi ndipo kupanikizika kumasinthasintha kwambiri.Mphamvu ya nyundo yamadzi ndi mawu omveka bwino.Amatanthawuza nyundo yoopsa yamadzi yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwa kayendedwe ka madzi papaipi pamene mpope wa madzi wayambika ndikuyimitsidwa.Chifukwa mkati mwa chitoliro cha madzi, khoma lamkati la chitoliro ndi losalala ndipo madzi amayenda momasuka.Pamene valavu yotseguka imatsekedwa mwadzidzidzi kapena pampu yamadzi imayimitsidwa, kutuluka kwa madzi kumatulutsa mphamvu pa valve ndi khoma la chitoliro, makamaka valve kapena mpope.Chifukwa khoma la chitoliro ndi losalala, pansi pa inertia ya madzi otuluka pambuyo pake, mphamvu ya hydraulic imafika mofulumira kwambiri ndipo imapanga zotsatira zowononga.Ichi ndi "nyundo yamadzi" mu hydraulics, ndiko kuti, nyundo yabwino yamadzi.M'malo mwake, valavu yotsekedwa ikatsegulidwa mwadzidzidzi kapena mpope wamadzi wayamba, nyundo yamadzi idzachitikanso, yomwe imatchedwa nyundo yamadzi yoipa, koma siili yaikulu ngati yoyamba.Kuthamanga kwamphamvu kumapangitsa kuti khoma la chitoliro likhazikike ndikutulutsa phokoso, monga ngati nyundo ikugunda chitoliro, motero imatchedwa mphamvu ya nyundo yamadzi.

2/Zowopsa

Kuthamanga kwanthawi yomweyo kopangidwa ndi nyundo yamadzi kumatha kufika maulendo angapo kapena mazana a mphamvu yanthawi zonse yapaipi.Kusinthasintha kwakukulu kotereku kungayambitse kugwedezeka kwakukulu kapena phokoso pamapaipi ndipo kumatha kuwononga ma valve.Zili ndi zotsatira zowononga kwambiri pamapaipi.Pofuna kupewa nyundo yamadzi, dongosolo la mapaipi liyenera kukonzedwa moyenera kuti madzi asamayendere kwambiri.Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe ka chitoliro kuyenera kukhala kosakwana 3m / s, ndipo kuthamanga kwa valve yotsegula ndi kutseka kuyenera kuyendetsedwa.
Chifukwa chakuti pampu imayambika, imayimitsidwa, ndipo ma valve amatsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa mofulumira kwambiri, liwiro la madzi limasintha kwambiri, makamaka nyundo yamadzi yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi kuyimitsidwa kwadzidzidzi kwa mpope, zomwe zingawononge mapaipi, mapampu a madzi ndi ma valve, ndi yambitsani mpope wamadzi m'mbuyo ndikuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa netiweki ya chitoliro.Mphamvu ya nyundo yamadzi ndi yowononga kwambiri: ngati kupanikizika kuli kwakukulu, kumapangitsa kuti chitoliro chiwonongeke.M'malo mwake, ngati kupanikizika kuli kochepa kwambiri, kumapangitsa kuti chitoliro chiwonongeke ndikuwononga ma valve ndi kukonza.M'kanthawi kochepa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumawonjezeka kuchokera ku zero kupita kumayendedwe oyendera.Popeza kuti madzi amakhala ndi mphamvu ya kinetic komanso kupanikizika pang'ono, kusintha kwakukulu kwa kayendedwe ka madzi pakanthawi kochepa kumayambitsa kupsinjika kwakukulu ndi kutsika kwa payipi.

3/kupanga

Pali zifukwa zambiri za nyundo yamadzi.Zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri ndi izi:

1. Vavu imatsegula kapena kutseka mwadzidzidzi;

2. Pampu yamadzi imayima mwadzidzidzi kapena imayamba;

3. Chitoliro chimodzi chimanyamula madzi kupita kumalo okwera (kutalika kwa malo operekera madzi kupitirira mamita 20);

4 .Kukweza kwathunthu (kapena kuthamanga kwa ntchito) kwa mpope wamadzi ndi kwakukulu;

5. Kuthamanga kwa madzi mupaipi yamadzi ndikokulirapo;

6. Mapaipi amadzi ndiatali kwambiri ndipo mtunda umasintha kwambiri.
7. Kumanga kosakhazikika ndi ngozi yobisika mu ntchito zamapaipi operekera madzi
(1) Mwachitsanzo, kupanga zibowo za simenti za tee, zigononi, zochepetsera ndi zolumikizira zina sizikukwaniritsa zofunikira.
Malinga ndi "Technical Regulations for Buried Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Water Supply Pipeline Engineering", zitsulo zoponyera simenti ziyenera kuikidwa pamalumikizidwe monga ma teyi, zigongono, zochepetsera ndi mapaipi ena okhala ndi mainchesi ≥110mm kuti mapaipi asasunthe."Konkriti thrust piers" Siyenera kukhala yotsika kuposa kalasi ya C15, ndipo iyenera kuponyedwa pamalo omwe anafukulidwa poyambira nthaka ndi malo otsetsereka.Maphwando ena omanga salabadira mokwanira ntchito ya ma thrust piers.Amakhomerera matabwa kapena kukhoma chitsulo pafupi ndi payipiyo kuti akhale ngati choboola nacho.Nthawi zina kuchuluka kwa pier ya simenti kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kapena sikutsanuliridwa pa dothi loyambirira.Kumbali ina, ma thrust piers ena alibe mphamvu zokwanira.Zotsatira zake, panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mapaipi, ma thrust piers sangathe kugwira ntchito ndikukhala opanda ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zopangira mapaipi monga ma tee ndi zigongono zisakanizidwe molakwika ndikuwonongeka..
(2) Valve yotulutsa yokhayokhayo sinayikidwe kapena malo oyikapo ndi osamveka.
Malinga ndi mfundo ya ma hydraulics, mavavu otulutsa okha amayenera kupangidwa ndikuyika pamalo okwera a mapaipi m'madera amapiri kapena mapiri okhala ndi mafunde akulu.Ngakhale m'madera otsika okhala ndi malo ang'onoang'ono otsetsereka, mapaipi ayenera kupangidwa mwaluso pokumba ngalande.Pali kukwera ndi kutsika, kukwera kapena kugwa mozungulira, otsetsereka si osachepera 1/500, ndipo ma valve otulutsa 1-2 amapangidwa pamalo apamwamba kwambiri pa kilomita iliyonse..
Chifukwa panthawi yoyendetsa madzi mupaipiyo, gasi wapaipiyo amatuluka ndi kuwunjikana m'madera okwera a payipiyo, ngakhale kupanga kutsekeka kwa mpweya.Pamene kuthamanga kwa madzi mu payipi kusinthasintha, matumba a mpweya omwe amapangidwa m'madera okwera adzapitiriza kupsinjidwa ndi kukulitsidwa, ndipo mpweya udzakhala Kupanikizika komwe kumabwera pambuyo pa kuponderezedwa kumakhala kochuluka kapena nthawi zambiri kuposa mphamvu yomwe imapangidwa pambuyo pake. madzi amapanikizidwa (akaunti yapagulu: Pump Butler).Pakadali pano, gawo ili la mapaipi okhala ndi zoopsa zobisika lingayambitse zotsatirazi:
• Madzi akadutsa kumtunda kwa chitoliro, madzi akudontha amatha kutsika.Izi ndichifukwa choti thumba la mpweya mu chitoliro limatchinga kutuluka kwa madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi alekana..
• Mpweya wopanikizidwa mu payipi umapanikizidwa mpaka kufika pamtunda waukulu ndipo umakula mofulumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti payipi iwonongeke..
• Pamene madzi ochokera kumtunda wamadzi amatengedwa kunsi kwa mtsinje pa liwiro linalake ndi mphamvu yokoka, pambuyo poti valavu yakumtunda imatsekedwa mwamsanga, chifukwa cha inertia ya kusiyana kwa kutalika ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi, mzere wa madzi mu chitoliro chakumtunda sichiyima nthawi yomweyo. .Imayendabe pa liwiro linalake.Liwiro limayenda pansi.Panthawiyi, vacuum imapangidwa mu payipi chifukwa mpweya sungathe kubwezeretsedwanso pakapita nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti payipi iwonongeke chifukwa cha kupanikizika koipa ndikuwonongeka.
(3) Ngalande ndi dothi lobwezeretsanso sizikugwirizana ndi malamulo.
Ngalande zosayenerera nthawi zambiri zimawoneka m'madera amapiri, makamaka chifukwa chakuti m'madera ena muli miyala yambiri.Ngalandezo zimakumbidwa pamanja kapena kuphulitsidwa ndi zophulika.Pansi pa ngalandeyo ndi yosafanana kwambiri ndipo ili ndi miyala yakuthwa yotuluka.Mukakumana ndi izi, Pamenepa, malinga ndi malamulo oyenerera, miyala yomwe ili pansi pa ngalande iyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo mchenga woposa masentimita 15 uyenera kukonzedwa kuti payipi isayikidwe.Komabe, ogwira ntchito yomangawo anali osasamala kapena odula ngodya ndipo anayala mchengawo mosadulira mchenga kapena kuwongola mchenga mophiphiritsira.Paipiyi imayikidwa pamiyala.Kubwezeretsanso kukamalizidwa ndipo madzi ayamba kugwira ntchito, chifukwa cha kulemera kwa payipi yokha, kuthamanga kwa dziko lapansi, katundu wa galimoto paipi, ndi mphamvu yokoka, imathandizidwa ndi mwala umodzi kapena zingapo zakuthwa. pansi pa payipi., kupsinjika kwakukulu, payipi ndiyotheka kuonongeka panthawiyi ndikusweka molunjika panthawiyi.Izi ndi zomwe anthu nthawi zambiri amachitcha "kugoletsa zotsatira.".

4/Miyeso

Pali njira zambiri zotetezera nyundo yamadzi, koma njira zosiyanasiyana ziyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa nyundo yamadzi.
1. Kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa mapaipi amadzi kumatha kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa nyundo yamadzi pamlingo wina wake, koma kukulitsa kukula kwa mapaipi amadzi ndikuwonjezera ndalama za polojekiti.Poyala mapaipi amadzi, kuyenera kuganiziridwa popewa ma hump kapena kusintha kwakukulu kwa malo otsetsereka kuti muchepetse kutalika kwa mapaipi amadzi.Kutalikira kwa payipi, kumapangitsanso kuchuluka kwa nyundo yamadzi pamene mpope wayimitsidwa.Kuchokera pa popopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopompopopopopopopopopopopopopopopokepokepokebibibibi, chitsime chokokera madzi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza malo opopera awiriwa.
Nyundo yamadzi ikayimitsidwa pampu

Chomwe chimatchedwa pampu-stop water nyundo imatanthawuza chinthu chodabwitsa cha hydraulic chifukwa cha kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kuthamanga kwa madzi mu mpope wa madzi ndi mapaipi othamanga pamene valavu imatsegulidwa ndikuyimitsidwa chifukwa cha kuzima kwadzidzidzi kapena zifukwa zina.Mwachitsanzo, kulephera kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kapena zipangizo zamagetsi, kulephera kwapampu yamadzi nthawi zina, ndi zina zotero kungayambitse pampu ya centrifugal kutsegula valve ndikuyimitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyundo ya madzi ikayimitsidwe.Kukula kwa nyundo yamadzi pamene pampu imayimitsidwa makamaka ikugwirizana ndi mutu wa geometric wa chipinda cha mpope.Kukwera kwa mutu wa geometric, kumapangitsanso kuchuluka kwa nyundo yamadzi pamene mpope wayimitsidwa.Choncho, mutu wopopera womveka uyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili m'deralo.

Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa nyundo yamadzi pamene pampu yayimitsidwa imatha kufika 200% ya mphamvu yogwira ntchito, kapena yowonjezereka, yomwe ingawononge mapaipi ndi zipangizo.Ngozi zambiri zimayambitsa "kutuluka kwamadzi" ndi kutha kwa madzi;ngozi zoopsa zimapangitsa chipinda chopopera madzi kusefukira, zida zowonongeka, ndi zipangizo zowonongeka.kuwononga kapena kuvulaza munthu kapena kufa.

Pambuyo poyimitsa mpope chifukwa cha ngozi, dikirani mpaka chitoliro kumbuyo kwa valavu yodzaza ndi madzi musanayambe kupopera.Musamatsegule bwino valavu yotulutsira madzi poyambitsa mpope, apo ayi mphamvu yaikulu ya madzi idzachitika.Ngozi zazikulu za nyundo zamadzi m'malo ambiri opopera madzi nthawi zambiri zimachitika pansi pazimenezi.

2. Khazikitsani chipangizo chochotsera nyundo yamadzi
(1) Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowongolera ma voltage pafupipafupi
Dongosolo lodziwongolera la PLC limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera mpope ndi liwiro losinthika komanso kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a chipinda chonse cha mpope wamadzi.Popeza kupanikizika kwa mapaipi amadzimadzi kumapitilirabe kusintha ndi kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito, kupanikizika pang'ono kapena kupsinjika nthawi zambiri kumachitika panthawi yogwira ntchito, zomwe zingayambitse nyundo yamadzi mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa mapaipi ndi zida.Makina owongolera a PLC amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera maukonde a chitoliro.Kuzindikira kupanikizika, kuwongolera mayankho poyambira ndikuyimitsa pampu yamadzi ndikusintha liwiro, kuwongolera kuthamanga, motero kusungitsa kupanikizika pamlingo wina.Kuthamanga kwa madzi a pampu kungakhazikitsidwe poyang'anira microcomputer kuti madzi azikhala ndi madzi nthawi zonse komanso kupewa kusinthasintha kwakukulu.Kuthekera kwa nyundo yamadzi kumachepetsedwa.
(2) Ikani choyezera nyundo yamadzi
Chipangizochi chimalepheretsa kwambiri nyundo yamadzi pamene mpope wayimitsidwa.Nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pafupi ndi paipi yotulutsira madzi.Imagwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza kwa chitoliro palokha ngati mphamvu yozindikira zochita zodziwikiratu.Ndiko kuti, pamene kupanikizika mu chitoliro kumakhala kotsika kusiyana ndi mtengo wotetezedwa, doko lotayira lidzatsegulidwa kuti likhetse madzi.Kuchepetsa kupanikizika kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa mapaipi am'deralo ndikuletsa kukhudzidwa kwa nyundo yamadzi pazida ndi mapaipi.Ma Eleminators amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: makina ndi ma hydraulic.Zochotsa pamakina zimabwezeretsedwa pamanja pambuyo pochitapo kanthu, pomwe ma hydraulic eliminators amatha kukhazikitsidwanso.
(3) Ikani valavu yotsekera pang'onopang'ono papaipi yotulutsa madzi m'mimba mwake

Iwo akhoza bwino kuthetsa madzi nyundo pamene mpope anasiya, koma chifukwa kuchuluka kwa madzi adzayenderera mmbuyo pamenepa 609valavu imatsegulidwa, chitsime choyamwa madzi chiyenera kukhala ndi chitoliro chosefukira.Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma valve otsegula pang'onopang'ono: mtundu wa nyundo ndi mtundu wosungira mphamvu.Valavu yamtunduwu imatha kusintha nthawi yotseka ma valve mkati mwamtundu wina ngati pakufunika (ndikulandilani kutsatira: Pump Butler).Nthawi zambiri, valavu imatseka 70% mpaka 80% mkati mwa 3 mpaka 7 masekondi pambuyo pa kutha kwa magetsi.Nthawi yotsala ya 20% mpaka 30% yotseka imasinthidwa malinga ndi momwe mpope wamadzi amakhalira ndi mapaipi, nthawi zambiri amakhala pamasekondi 10 mpaka 30.Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti pakakhala hump mu payipi ndipo nyundo yamadzi imachitika, ntchito ya valve yotseka pang'onopang'ono imakhala yochepa kwambiri.
(4) Khazikitsani nsanja yoyendera njira imodzi
Imamangidwa pafupi ndi popopera mpweya kapena pamalo oyenera papaipi, ndipo kutalika kwa nsanja yanjira imodzi ndikotsika kuposa kukakamiza kwa mapaipi pamenepo.Kuthamanga kwa payipi kukakhala kocheperako poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi munsanja, mphamvu yowongolera nsanja imabweretsanso madzi mupaipi kuti mulingo wamadzi usathyoke ndikumanga nyundo yamadzi.Komabe, mphamvu yake yochepetsera mphamvu pa nyundo yamadzi kupatulapo nyundo yamadzi yoyimitsa madzi, monga nyundo yamadzi yotseka ma valve, ndi yochepa.Kuonjezera apo, ntchito ya valve ya njira imodzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu njira imodzi yoyendetsera kuthamanga kwa nsanja iyenera kukhala yodalirika kwambiri.Vavu ikalephera, imatha kuyambitsa nyundo yayikulu yamadzi.
(5) Khazikitsani chitoliro chodutsa (vavu) pamalo opopera
Pamene makina a pompu akugwira ntchito bwino, valve yowunikira imatsekedwa chifukwa kuthamanga kwa madzi pamphepete mwa mpope ndipamwamba kusiyana ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi kumbali ya kuyamwa.Mphamvu yamagetsi ikatha mwadzidzidzi imayimitsa mpope, kuthamanga kwa potulutsira madzi kumatsika kwambiri, pamene kukakamiza kumbali yoyamwa kumakwera kwambiri.Pansi pa kupanikizika kosiyana uku, madzi othamanga kwambiri m'madzi akuyamwa chitoliro chachikulu amakankhira valavu ya valve yotsegula ndikuyenda kupita kumadzi otsika otsika muzitsulo zazikulu zamadzimadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi otsika kwambiri awonjezere;Kumbali ina, mpope wamadzi Kuthamanga kwa nyundo yamadzi kumakwera kumbali yoyamwa kumachepetsedwanso.Mwanjira imeneyi, nyundo yamadzi imakwera ndi kutsika kwamphamvu kumbali zonse ziwiri za popopa madzi zimayendetsedwa, motero kuchepetsa ndi kuteteza kuopsa kwa nyundo ya madzi.
(6) Khazikitsani valavu yoyendera masitepe ambiri
Papaipi yamadzi yayitali, onjezerani imodzi kapena zingapofufuzani ma valve, gawani payipi yamadzi m'zigawo zingapo, ndikuyika valavu yoyang'ana pa gawo lililonse.Pamene madzi mu chitoliro cha madzi abwereranso pa nyundo ya madzi, valavu iliyonse imatsekedwa imodzi ndi ina kuti igawanitse kutuluka kwa backflush m'magawo angapo.Popeza mutu wa hydrostatic mu gawo lililonse la chitoliro cha madzi (kapena gawo la backflush flow) ndi laling'ono kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumachepetsedwa.Kulimbikitsa nyundo.Muyeso wotetezawu ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera munthawi yomwe kusiyana kwa kutalika kwa madzi a geometric kumakhala kwakukulu;koma sichingathetse mwayi wolekanitsa mizati ya madzi.Choyipa chake chachikulu ndi: kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya pampu yamadzi panthawi yogwira ntchito bwino komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama zoperekera madzi.