Mpando wa valavu ya gulugufe ndi gawo lotsekera mkati mwa valavu ya gulugufe. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikukhudza mbale ya gulugufe (diski ya valavu) ndikupanga malo otsekera pamene valavu yatsekedwa kuti isatuluke madzi pang'ono. Makamaka,mpando wa valavu ya gulugufeIkhoza kuyikidwa pakhoma lamkati la thupi la valavu kapena kupangidwa kuti iphatikizidwe ndi mbale ya gulugufe, kudalira zinthu zake ndi kapangidwe kake kuti ikwaniritse kutseka bwino.
1. Chiyambi cha Gulu la Mpando wa Valve wa Gulugufe
1. 1 Kugawa m'magulu malinga ndi zinthu
A. Mpando wofewa wa valavu wotanuka
Kawirikawiri amatanthauza zinthu monga mphira, silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Ubwino: magwiridwe antchito abwino otsekera, kuyankha mwachangu, koyenera kutentha kochepa, kuthamanga pang'ono komanso zinthu zowononga zochepa (kupatula PTFE).
Zoyipa: kusagwira bwino ntchito, nthawi yogwira ntchito imachepetsedwa ndi ukalamba wazinthu.
B. Mpando wa valavu yachitsulo
Yopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo cha kaboni kapena zinthu zina zachitsulo.
Ubwino: kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana kuthamanga kwambiri, kukana kuvala mwamphamvu, koyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito movutikira.
Zoyipa: zofunikira kwambiri pakutseka pakati pa chitsulo ndi chitsulo, kulondola kwambiri pakukonza ndi zofunikira pakuyika.
C. Mpando wa valavu yophatikizana
Zimaphatikiza ubwino wa zitsulo ndi zinthu zofewa, nthawi zambiri zimaphimba kapangidwe ka chitsulocho ndi zinthu zotanuka monga graphite.
Sizingotsimikizira kuti ntchito yosindikiza ndi yabwino, komanso zimathandizira kuti ntchitoyo isawonongeke komanso kuti isawonongeke.
1.2. Kugawa m'magulu malinga ndi kapangidwe kake
A. Mpando wolimba wakumbuyo
Mpando wa valavu ndi kumbuyo kwake zimapangidwa bwino kwambiri, ndi kapangidwe kosavuta, ndipo pamwamba pake potsekerapo pamagwirizana bwino ndi thupi la valavu.
Kuipa kwa izimpando wa valavu yolimba kumbuyoNdikuti mpando wa valavu ukatha kapena kukalamba, valavu yonse ya gulugufe iyenera kuchotsedwa kuti isinthidwe.
B. Mpando wofewa wochotsedwa
Thempando wofewa wa valavuimagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka mchira wa njiwa ndipo imatha kuchotsedwa ndikusinthidwa padera.
Ubwino wake ndi wakuti n'zosavuta kusamalira ndikuwonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito ya valavu ya gulugufe lonse.
1.3. Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake kapadera
A. Valavu ya gulugufe iwiri yosiyana
Mbale ya gulugufe imayenda motsatira nkhwangwa ziwiri zosamveka bwino ikatsekedwa kuti ichepetse kukangana kwa mpando wa valavu.
Ubwino wake ndi kuchepa kwa kutopa, nthawi yayitali ya mpando wa ma valvu, komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino otsekera.
B. Valavu ya gulugufe yozungulira katatu
Kapangidwe kena kozikidwa pa kusinthasintha kawiri kamathandiza kuti mbale ya gulugufe ndi mpando wa valavu yachitsulo zigwirizane bwino ndi chitsulo.
Imatha kupeza zotsatira zenizeni za kutayikira ndipo ndi yoyenera pa ntchito zomwe zimafunidwa kwambiri (monga kutentha kwambiri ndi zolumikizira zamagetsi zopanikizika kwambiri).
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo zoikira mipando ya mavavu ili ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana a thupi ndi mankhwala ndipo ndi yoyenera mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yogwirira ntchito. M'nkhaniyi, tikuphunzira makamaka ndikuyerekeza mitundu yayikulu, magwiridwe antchito ndi momwe mipando ya mavavu yotanuka imagwirira ntchito.
Mipando ya ma valavu otanuka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika ndi NBR, EPDM, VITON (FKM), rabara lachilengedwe (NR), silicone (Silicone Rubber), polyurethane (PU), rabara ya hydrogenated nitrile (HNBR), HYPALON (CSM), PTFE:
2. Kuyerekeza kwa Katundu wa Mpando wa Valavu
| Zinthu Zofunika | NBR (Rabala ya Nitrile) | EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber) | VITON (FKM/Fluorocarbon Rabber) | NR (Rabala Yachilengedwe) | Mphira wa silikoni | PU (Polyurethane) | HNBR (Mpira wa Nitrile Wopangidwa ndi Hydrogenated) | HYPALON (CSM/Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Rabber) | PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene, Teflon) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kukana Mafuta | Zabwino kwambiri | Wosauka | Yabwino kwambiri (imalimbana ndi mafuta ndi mankhwala) | Wosauka | Wosauka | Wocheperako | Zabwino kwambiri (zimateteza ku mafuta, mafuta, ndi zodzoladzola) | Wocheperako | Zabwino kwambiri (zosagwira ntchito bwino ndi mankhwala) |
| Kukana Mankhwala | Wocheperako, amakana ma asidi ndi maziko ofatsa | Zabwino kwambiri (zimalimbana ndi ma acid, ma base, ndi ma oxidizer) | Zabwino kwambiri (zimalimbana ndi ma acid, ma base, ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe zosungunulira) | Wocheperako | Zabwino kwambiri (zimalimbana ndi oxidizers, osati poizoni) | Wocheperako | Zabwino (zimalimbana ndi ma acid ndi ma bases ofooka) | Zabwino kwambiri (zimalimbana ndi ma acid, ma base, ndi ma oxidizer) | Zabwino kwambiri (zimalimbana ndi mankhwala onse) |
| Kuchuluka kwa Kutentha (°C) | -30 ~ 100 | -40 ~ 120 (kwa kanthawi mpaka 150) | -20 ~ 200 | -50 ~ 70 | -60 ~ 230 | -30 ~ 80 | -40 ~ 150 | -40 ~ 130 | -200 ~ 260 |
| Kuvala kukana | Zabwino | Wocheperako | Zabwino | Zabwino kwambiri (zosavala bwino kwambiri) | Wocheperako | Zabwino kwambiri (zosagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri) | Zabwino kwambiri | Zabwino | Zosauka (zimawonongeka mosavuta) |
| Kukana Madzi | Wocheperako | Zabwino kwambiri (zoyenera madzi otentha ndi nthunzi) | Wocheperako | Zabwino | Zabwino kwambiri (zabwino kwambiri) | Wocheperako | Zabwino | Zabwino kwambiri | Zabwino kwambiri (zosalowa madzi) |
| Kukana kwa Nyengo (UV/Ozoni) | Wosauka (wosauka mosavuta) | Zabwino kwambiri (zosagwedezeka ndi nyengo yozizira) | Zabwino | Wocheperako | Zabwino kwambiri (zolimba kwambiri pa nyengo) | Wocheperako | Zabwino kwambiri (zosagwedezeka ndi nyengo yozizira) | Yabwino kwambiri (kukana nyengo bwino) | Zabwino Kwambiri (kukana kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi ukalamba) |
| Kusinthasintha | Zabwino | Zabwino kwambiri | Wocheperako | Zabwino kwambiri | Zabwino kwambiri | Zabwino | Zabwino kwambiri | Zabwino | Kulimba (kukangana kochepa) |
| Mapulogalamu Aakulu | Mafuta, mafuta odzola, makina amafuta a hydraulic, zisindikizo zamafakitale | Makina operekera madzi ndi ngalande, mapaipi a mankhwala, makina a nthunzi, zida zakunja | Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otentha kwambiri, makina amafuta, ndege, mankhwala a petrochemicals | Migodi, zida zosatha ntchito, zomangira zamakina | Chakudya, mankhwala, kutseka zamagetsi, kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri komanso kotsika | Kutseka makina, zida zosatha ntchito, migodi, makina oyendetsera madzi | Ma petrochemicals, makampani opanga magalimoto, zisindikizo zamafuta otentha kwambiri | Makampani opanga mankhwala, malo owononga, zida zakunja, kusindikiza kosagonjetsedwa ndi ozoni | Mankhwala amphamvu owononga, mankhwala, kutseka chakudya, kutseka kutentha kwambiri |
3. Mikhalidwe Yoyenera Yogwirira Ntchito Zipangizo Zapampando wa Valve
| Zinthu Zofunika | Kukana Mafuta/Mafuta | Kukana kwa Asidi/Maziko | Kukana Kutentha Kwambiri | Kukana Kutentha Kochepa | Kukana Madzi | Kuvala kukana | Kukana kwa Nyengo (Kunja, Ozoni) | Chakudya Chapamwamba |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NBR | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ |
| EPDM | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ |
| VITON | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ |
| NR | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Silikoni | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ |
| PU | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ |
| HNBR | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ |
| HYPALON | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ |
| PTFE | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ |
4. Malangizo Osankha Zinthu
· Pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, mafuta, kapena mafuta a hydraulic→ NBR, HNBR, VITON
· Kukana asidi/maziko ndi mankhwala → EPDM, HYPALON, VITON, PTFE
· Yoteteza kutentha kwambiri (>150°C)→ VITON, Silicone, HYPALON, PTFE
· Pa ntchito zotentha pang'ono (<-40°C)→ NR, Silicone, PTFE
· Yoteteza kuwonongeka kwambiri komanso kukana kusweka (migodi, makina)→ NR, PU, HNBR
· Pa madzi akumwa ndi zakudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo wapamwamba → EPDM, Silicone, PTFE
· Kuteteza kunja ndi ozoni→ EPDM, HYPALON, Silicone, PTFE
5. Mapeto
· NBR (Nitrile Rubber): Ndi yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta monga mafuta, mafuta a hydraulic, koma si yoyenera kutentha kwambiri komanso ma acid/base.
· EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Rubber): Yabwino kwambiri pokonza madzi, mankhwala, ndi nthunzi; imapirira nyengo koma siilimbana ndi mafuta.
· VITON (Rabala ya Fluorocarbon): Yabwino kwambiri pa kutentha kwambiri, ma acid/ma base amphamvu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta.
· NR (Rabala Wachilengedwe): Wolimba kwambiri, umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'migodi ndi makina koma sulimbana ndi mankhwala.
· Rabala ya Silicone: Yabwino kwambiri pa kutentha kwambiri/kotsika, yotetezeka pa chakudya, koma siigwira ntchito bwino.
· PU (Polyurethane): Yabwino kwambiri pakulimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwambiri, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zisindikizo zamadzimadzi ndi migodi.
· HNBR (Hydrogenated Nitrile Rabber): Yabwino kuposa NBR m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso owonongeka, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale a petrochemical.
· HYPALON (CSM/Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Rubber): Yabwino kwambiri polimbana ndi asidi/base komanso kukhudzana ndi nyengo, yabwino kwambiri potseka mankhwala ndi ozoni.
· PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene): Yolimba kwambiri ndi mankhwala, yabwino kwambiri kutentha kwambiri, malo owononga, komanso kukonza chakudya.