Ma valve a gulugufe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa, kuyimitsa kapena kulamulira kuyenda kwa madzi kapena mpweya kudzera m'mapaipi. Dzina lawo limachokera ku diski yonga mapiko yomwe imazungulira mkati mwa thupi la valve, yofanana ndi kayendedwe ka gulugufe. Pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma valve a gulugufe, ma valve a gulugufe ogwira ntchito kwambiri (HPBV) ndi ma valve a gulugufe ozungulira ndi omwe amapangidwa kwambiri. Kuyerekeza kumeneku kudzagawa kusiyana pakati pa awiriwa kuchokera ku miyeso yosiyanasiyana kuti kumveketse bwino ntchito zawo m'mafakitale ndi m'mizinda.
| Mbali | Valavu ya Gulugufe Yozungulira | Valavu ya Gulugufe Yogwira Ntchito Kwambiri |
| Kapangidwe | Chitsinde chapakati ndi diski | Tsinde lokhazikika ndi mpando wachitsulo |
| Njira Yotsekera | Mpando wofewa wa elastomeric | Mpando wa RPTFE |
| Kuyeza kwa Kupanikizika | Kufikira 250 PSI | Kufikira 600 PSI |
| Kuyeza Kutentha | Kufikira 180°C (356°F) | Kufikira 260°C (536°F) |
| Kuvala ndi Kung'amba | Kuchuluka chifukwa cha kukhudzana kwa mpando | Yotsika chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka offset |
| Kuyenerera kwa Ntchito | Madzi otsika mphamvu | Madzi othamanga kwambiri komanso otentha kwambiri |
| Mtengo | Pansi | Zapamwamba |
1. Kapangidwe ndi Kapangidwe
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mavavu a gulugufe ozungulira ndi mavavu a gulugufe opambana kwambiri kuli m'mapangidwe awo, makamaka malo a tsinde la valavu ndi diski ya valavu poyerekeza ndi thupi la valavu ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
1.1 Ma Vavu a Gulugufe Ozungulira
Kapangidwe ka concentric kamadziwika kuti valavu ya "zero offset" kapena "resilient seat", yomwe imalumikiza tsinde la valavu ndi diski ya valavu mwachindunji pakati pa thupi la valavu ndi chitoliro cha payipi. Kulinganiza pakati kumeneku sikuli ndi kupotoka.
1.1.1 Kuyenda kwa Ma Disc
Disikiyi imazungulira 90° mozungulira mzere wa tsinde la valavu, ndipo imayenda kuchokera potseguka kwathunthu (mofanana ndi chitoliro) mpaka potseka kwathunthu (molunjika ndi chitoliro) munthawi yonse yoyenda.
1.1.2 Njira Yotsekera
Chisindikizochi chimatheka chifukwa cha kusakanikirana pakati pa m'mphepete mwa diski ya valavu ndi mpando wa valavu wofanana ndi rabara (monga EPDM, acrylic kapena fluororubber) womwe uli mkati mwa thupi la valavu.
1.1.3 Zipangizo
Thupi la valavu nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi zinthu zolimba komanso zosapsa monga chitsulo chosungunuka, chitsulo chosungunuka kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mosavuta, chifukwa mpando wa valavu ya rabara umaletsa madzi kulowa m'thupi la valavu.
Disikiyo ikhoza kukhala yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, aluminiyamu bronze, chitsulo chopangidwa ndi ductile, kapena yokutidwa ndi chitsulo chonse, kutengera kuuma kwa madzi.
1.2 Ma Vavu a Gulugufe Ogwira Ntchito Kwambiri
Kawirikawiri kapangidwe ka ma offset awiri okhala ndi ma key offsets awiri:
Tsinde lili kumbuyo kwa diski osati kudzera pakati pa diski, ndipo
Chimbale ndi tsinde zimayikidwa pakati pa chitoliro cha chitoliro.
Mabaibulo ena apamwamba akuphatikizapo ma offsets atatu, koma ma offsets awiri ndi ofanana pa ma model omwe amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.
1.2.1 Kuyenda kwa Ma Disc
Chifukwa cha kulephera, diski imazungulira ngati kamera, kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi mpando.
1.2.2 Njira Yotsekera
Mpandowu wapangidwa ndi zinthu zolimba kwambiri, monga Teflon yolimbikitsidwa, kuti upirire kupsinjika kwakukulu ndi kutentha. Mosiyana ndi mpando wa rabara mu valavu yozungulira, chisindikizocho chimakhala cholimba ndipo sichidalira kwambiri kusintha kwa zinthu.
1.2.3 Zipangizo
Thupi ndi diski zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zolimba, monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo cha kaboni, kapena zinthu zina zosungunulira, kuti zipirire mikhalidwe yovuta.
1.3 Chidule: Zotsatira za Kapangidwe
Kusavuta kwa valavu yozungulira kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yopepuka komanso yaying'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kuyikidwa mwachindunji. Komabe, kudalira kwake mpando wa rabara wosinthika kumalepheretsa kusinthasintha kwake.
Kapangidwe ka offset ndi zipangizo zolimba za ma valve ogwira ntchito bwino zimawonjezera kulimba kwawo komanso kusinthasintha, koma chifukwa cha zovuta ndi kulemera kowonjezereka.
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2. Mphamvu Zogwirira Ntchito
Magwiridwe antchito ndi omwe amasinthasintha kwambiri pa ma valve awa ndipo ndi omwe ogwiritsa ntchito amawayamikira ndi kuwasamalira kwambiri. Makamaka, amawunikidwa potengera kuthamanga, kutentha, mphamvu yotsekera, komanso nthawi yogwirira ntchito.
2.1 Ma Vavu a Gulugufe Ozungulira
2.1.1 Kuyesa kwa Kupanikizika
Ma valve a gulugufe ozungulira nthawi zambiri amatha kupirira kupsinjika mpaka PN16, koma izi zimasiyana malinga ndi kukula ndi zinthu. Kupitirira kupsinjika kumeneku, mpando wa rabara ukhoza kusokonekera kapena kulephera.
2.1.2 Kuwerengera Kutentha
Kutentha kwakukulu ndi 356°F (180°C), komwe kumachepetsedwa ndi malire a kutentha kwa mpando wa rabara kapena PTFE. Kutentha kwambiri kudzachepetsa magwiridwe antchito a elastomer ndikuwononga kutseka.
2.1.3 Kugwira ntchito kotseka
Ikhoza kutseka bwino m'makina otsika mphamvu, koma kukangana kosalekeza pakati pa diski ya valavu ndi mpando wa valavu kungayambitse kuwonongeka, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu.
2.1.4 Kuthamanga kwa throttle
Popeza ma valve a gulugufe ndi oyenera kutsegula ndi kutseka kwathunthu, ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito polamulira kayendedwe ka madzi, kupondereza kwa nthawi yayitali kudzafulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwa mpando wa valve, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti usakhale wolondola komanso wokhalitsa.
2.1.5 Kulimba
Popeza mipando ya valavu yolimba, yachitsulo kapena yolimba imakhala yolimba kuposa rabala. Kapangidwe kake kamawonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito pochepetsa kukangana.
2.2 Valavu ya gulugufe yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri
2.2.1 Kuyesa kwa kupanikizika
Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kolimba komanso kapangidwe kake kochepetsera kupsinjika pa mpando wa valavu, imatha kupirira kupsinjika mpaka PN16.
2.2.2 Kuyeza kutentha
Popeza mpando wa valavu umagwiritsa ntchito RPTFE, ukhoza kugwira ntchito bwino kutentha mpaka 536°F (280°C).
2.2.3 Kugwira ntchito kotseka
Chifukwa cha kukwanira bwino kwa diski ya offset valve ndi mpando wa valavu wolimba, kutayikira kumakhala pafupifupi zero ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupi kutsekedwa ndi mpweya. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
2.2.4 Kuthamanga kwa throttle
Kapangidwe ndi zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma valve a gulugufe ogwira ntchito bwino zimawathandiza kuwongolera bwino kayendedwe ka madzi ngakhale atakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Kuchepa kwa kukhudzana kwa mpando kumachepetsa kuwonongeka ndipo kumasunga umphumphu wa chisindikizo nthawi zambiri.
2.2.5 Kulimba
Popeza mipando yachitsulo kapena yolimba imakhala yolimba kuposa ya rabara, kapangidwe kake kamawonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito pochepetsa kukangana.
2.3 Chidule: Mfundo Zazikulu Zokhudza Magwiridwe Antchito
Ma valve ozungulira ndi oyenera pakakhala mpweya wochepa komanso wokhazikika, koma amalephera pakakhala mpweya wochepa komanso wokwera.
Ma valve ogwira ntchito bwino amapereka kudalirika kwapamwamba komanso moyo wautumiki pamtengo wokwera kwambiri woyambira.
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3. Mapulogalamu
Kusankha pakati pa ma valve a gulugufe apakati ndi ma valve a gulugufe ogwira ntchito kwambiri kumadalira zosowa zenizeni za dongosolo lomwe adayikidwamo.
3.1 Ma Vavu a Gulugufe Ozungulira
Kwa makina otenthetsera otsika mpaka apakati pomwe mtengo ndi kuphweka ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Ntchito Zofala:
- Madzi ndi Madzi Otayira: Mapaipi amadzi a m'matauni, njira zothirira ndi zimbudzi zimapindula ndi ndalama zawo komanso kusungunula madzi.
- Chakudya ndi Mankhwala: Mipando ya rabara imaletsa madzi ofooka kuti asadetsedwe ndi thupi la valavu.
- Kupereka Gasi: Mizere ya gasi yotsika mphamvu imagwiritsa ntchito poyimitsa/kutseka.
- Chitetezo pa Moto: Makina opopera madzi amapezerapo mwayi chifukwa amagwira ntchito mwachangu komanso modalirika pakakhala mphamvu yapakati.
- Mpweya Wotsika: Wa nthunzi mpaka 250 PSI ndi 350°F.
3.2 Ma Vavu a Gulugufe Ogwira Ntchito Kwambiri
Pa kupsinjika pang'ono kapena machitidwe ofunikira omwe amafunikira kulondola komanso kulimba.
Ntchito Zofala:
- Mafuta ndi Gasi: Amasamalira mankhwala oopsa, mankhwala a petrochemical, ndi malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso madzi owononga.
- Kupanga Mphamvu: Kusamalira nthunzi yamphamvu ndi madzi ozizira m'ma turbine ndi ma boiler.
- Kukonza Mankhwala: Kumalimbana ndi madzi owononga ndipo kumasunga kutsekedwa bwino m'malo osinthasintha.
- HVAC: Ya makina akuluakulu omwe amafuna kuwongolera kayendedwe ka madzi molondola.
- Kupanga zombo: Zimapirira mavuto a m'nyanja komanso kusamalira madzi othamanga kwambiri.
3.3 Kugwirizana kwa Ntchito ndi Kusiyana
Ngakhale ma valve onse awiri amawongolera kuyenda kwa magetsi, ma valve ozungulira amalamulira m'malo omwe amawononga ndalama zambiri komanso osafuna zambiri, pomwe ma valve ogwira ntchito bwino amasankhidwa kwambiri m'mafakitale komwe kulephera kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa.
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4. Zoganizira za Ntchito
Kuwonjezera pa kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito, zinthu zothandiza monga kukhazikitsa, kukonza, ndi kuphatikizana kwa makina zimathandizanso.
4.1 Kukhazikitsa
- Concentric: Kukhazikitsa kosavuta chifukwa cha kulemera kopepuka komanso kugwirizana kosavuta kwa flange.
- Kuchita bwino kwambiri: Kulinganiza bwino kumafunika chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka offset, ndipo kulemera kwake kumafuna chithandizo champhamvu.
4.2 Kukonza
- Concentric: Kukonza kumayang'ana kwambiri pakusintha mpando wa rabara, womwe ndi njira yokonza yachangu komanso yotsika mtengo. Komabe, kuwonongeka pafupipafupi kungapangitse kuti nthawi yogwira ntchito iwonjezere nthawi yogwira ntchito m'makina othamanga kwambiri.
- Kuchita bwino kwambiri: Kukonza sikuchitika kawirikawiri chifukwa cha mpando wolimba, koma kukonza (monga kusintha mpando) kumakhala kokwera mtengo komanso kwaukadaulo, nthawi zambiri kumafuna akatswiri okonza ndi zida zapadera.
4.3 Kutsika kwa Kupanikizika
- Ma disc ozungulira: Ma disc ozungulira amapanga kusokonezeka kwambiri akatsegulidwa pang'ono, zomwe zimachepetsa kugwira ntchito bwino kwa ma throttling applications.
- Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri: Ma disc a offset amathandizira kuyenda bwino kwa ma flow, kuchepetsa kutsekeka kwa cavitation ndi kutsika kwa pressure, makamaka pa liwiro lalikulu.
4.4 Kugwira Ntchito
Ma valve onsewa angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ma actuator amanja, pneumatic, kapena magetsi, koma ma valve ogwira ntchito bwino nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zowongolera zapamwamba kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera m'mafakitale.
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5. Kusanthula Mtengo ndi Kuzungulira kwa Moyo
5.1 Mtengo Woyamba
Ma valve ozungulira ndi otsika mtengo kwambiri chifukwa ndi osavuta kupanga komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa. Izi sizili choncho ndi ma valve a gulugufe omwe amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.
5.2 Mtengo wa Moyo Wonse
Ma valve ogwira ntchito bwino nthawi zambiri amakhala otchipa pakapita nthawi chifukwa sasamalidwa kapena kusinthidwa pafupipafupi. Mu makina ofunikira, kudalirika kwawo kungachepetsenso ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yogwira ntchito.
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6. Mapeto: Chidule cha Ubwino ndi Kuipa
6.1 Valavu ya Gulugufe Yozungulira
6.1.1 Ubwino:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama: Kutsika mtengo kwa kupanga ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira kumapatsa mwayi wopeza ndalama.
- Kapangidwe kosavuta: Kosavuta kuyika, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kusamalira, ndi zida zochepa zosunthika.
- Kupatula Madzi: Mipando ya rabara imateteza thupi la valavu, zomwe zimathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zotsika mtengo komanso kusunga ukhondo wa madzi.
- Yopepuka: Yabwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ngati kulemera kuli kofunikira.
6.1.2 Zoyipa:
- Kuchuluka kochepa: Malire apamwamba ndi 250 PSI ndi 356°F, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo ovuta.
- Yosavuta kuvala: Kukangana kwa mipando nthawi zonse kungayambitse kusagwira bwino ntchito, zomwe zimafuna kukonzedwa pafupipafupi.
- Kulephera kugwira bwino ntchito yopopera mphamvu yamagetsi: Kumataya kulondola ndi kutseka mphamvu ikapanikizika.
6.2 Ma Vavu a Gulugufe Ogwira Ntchito Kwambiri
6.2.1 Ubwino:
- Mphamvu Yaikulu: Imatha kuthana ndi kupsinjika kwapakati mpaka kwakukulu (mpaka 600 PSI) ndi kutentha (mpaka 536°F).
- Nthawi Yaitali Yogwira Ntchito: Kuchepa kwa kusowa kwa mipando ndi zipangizo zolimba kumawonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito.
- Kulondola: Kutseka bwino kwambiri ngakhale m'mikhalidwe yovuta.
- Kusinthasintha: Koyenera madzi ndi malo osiyanasiyana.
6.2.2 Zoyipa:
- Mtengo Wokwera: Zipangizo zodula komanso kapangidwe kovuta kumawonjezera ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa pasadakhale.
- Kuvuta: Kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza kumafuna ukatswiri wochulukirapo.
- Kulemera: Kapangidwe kolemera kangachititse kuti zinthu zina zikhale zovuta kuzikonzanso.
Ma valve a gulugufe ozungulira ndi ma valve a gulugufe ogwirira ntchito bwino amagwira ntchito molumikizana koma m'malo osiyanasiyana pakulamulira madzi. Kapangidwe ka mpando wa rabara wa zero-offset wa valavu yozungulira imapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chothandiza komanso chotsika mtengo pakugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono monga kupereka madzi, kukonza chakudya kapena kuteteza moto. Ngati magwiridwe antchito ndi kulimba sizingakambirane, ndiye kuti valavu ya gulugufe yogwirira ntchito bwino ndiyo yankho. Pa ntchito zobisika (monga mapaipi apansi panthaka), njira zonse ziwiri zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma kulemera kopepuka komanso mtengo wotsika wa valavu yozungulira nthawi zambiri zimakhalapo pokhapokha ngati zinthu zovuta kwambiri zimafuna zina.