Mu gawo lolamulira madzi a m'mafakitale,mavavu a gulugufeAmagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri powongolera, kutsogolera, ndi kulekanitsa kuyenda kwa madzi, mpweya, ndi matope m'mapaipi. Valavu ya gulugufe yolumikizana ndi mtundu umodzi wa mtundu wolumikizira, wokhala ndi ma flange ofunikira kumapeto onse a thupi la valavu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ma bolt alumikizane bwino ndi ma flange a mapaipi.
Njira yozungulira kotala lavalavu ya gulugufe yozunguliraZimasiyanitsa ndi mavavu olunjika monga mavavu a chipata kapena globe, zomwe zimapereka ubwino pa liwiro ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo.
Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za ma valve a gulugufe opindika, momwe amapangira, mitundu, zipangizo, momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, ubwino ndi kuipa kwake, kukhazikitsa, kukonza, kufananiza ndi ma valve ena, ndi zomwe zikuchitika mtsogolo.
1. Tanthauzo ndi Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito
Vavu ya gulugufe yozungulira ndi valavu yozungulira ya madigiri 90 yomwe imadziwika ndi diski yomwe imayendetsa kuyenda kwa madzi kudzera mu kuzungulira kwa tsinde. Thupi la valavu lili ndi ma flanges kumapeto onse awiri kuti alumikizane mwachindunji ndi payipi. Ma valavu a gulugufe a Flange ali ndi ma flanges okwera kapena athyathyathya okhala ndi mabowo a bolt, zomwe zimapangitsa kulumikizana kolimba komanso kokhazikika koyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kotsika, kwapakati, komanso kwamphamvu, komanso kwa mainchesi ang'onoang'ono, apakati, ndi akuluakulu.
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito ndi yosavuta komanso yothandiza. Valavu imakhala ndi thupi la valavu, diski ya valavu, tsinde la valavu, mpando wa valavu, ndi choyatsira. Pamene chogwirira kapena giya ikuyendetsedwa, kapena tsinde la valavu likuzunguliridwa ndi choyatsira chokha, diski ya valavu imazungulira kuchokera pamalo ofanana ndi njira yoyendera (yotseguka kwathunthu) kupita pamalo opingasa (yotsekedwa kwathunthu). Potseguka, diski ya valavu imalumikizidwa ndi mzere wa payipi, kuchepetsa kukana kwa kuyenda ndi kutayika kwa kuthamanga. Ikatsekedwa, diski ya valavu imatseka pampando mkati mwa thupi la valavu.
Njira imeneyi imalola kuti ma valve agwire ntchito mwachangu, nthawi zambiri amafunikira kuzungulira kwa madigiri 90 okha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yofulumira kuposa ma valve ozungulira maulendo ambiri. Ma valve a gulugufe opindika amatha kugwira ntchito mozungulira mbali zonse ziwiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mipando yolimba kapena yachitsulo kuti atsimikizire kuti imatsekedwa bwino. Kapangidwe kake kamapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera kwambiri machitidwe omwe amafuna kusinthana pafupipafupi kapena komwe kuli malo ochepa.
2. Zigawo
Zigawo zazikulu zikuphatikizapo:
- Thupi la Valavu: Chipinda chakunja, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi flange ziwiri, chimapereka kulumikizana kwa kapangidwe kake ndipo chimasunga zinthu zamkati. Chitsulo cha kaboni chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zonse, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri choteteza dzimbiri, mkuwa wa nickel-aluminium m'malo a m'nyanja, ndi chitsulo chosakanikirana ndi zinthu zina pazochitika zoopsa kwambiri.
- Disiki ya Valve:Chinthu chozungulira, chomwe chimapezeka m'mapangidwe osalala kapena osalala, chimawongolera kuyenda kwa diski. Disikiyo imatha kukhala pakati kapena yosiyana kuti igwire bwino ntchito. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, aluminiyamu bronze, kapena yokutidwa ndi nayiloni kuti isamawonongeke.
- Tsinde: Shaft yolumikiza diski ya valavu ku actuator imatumiza mphamvu yozungulira. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena zitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri zimapirira mphamvu.
Ma tsinde odutsa kapena a zidutswa ziwiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, okhala ndi zotsekera kuti asatuluke.
- Mpando: Malo otsekerawo amapangidwa ndi zinthu zosalala monga EPDM kapena PTFE. EPDM (-20)°F mpaka 250°F), BUNA-N (0°F mpaka 200°F), Viton (-10°F mpaka 400°F), kapena PTFE (-100°F mpaka 450°F) imagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka zomatira zofewa; zipangizo zachitsulo monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena Inconel zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka zomatira zolimba zotentha kwambiri.
- Woyambitsa: Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja (chogwirira, giya) kapena yoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi (pneumatic, yamagetsi).
- Kulongedza ndi ma gasketOnetsetsani kuti pali zomangira zotchingira pakati pa zigawo ndi maulumikizidwe a flange.
Zigawozi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zipereke ulamuliro wodalirika wa kayendedwe ka madzi.
3. Mitundu ya Ma Vavu a Gulugufe Okhala ndi Flanged
Ma valve a gulugufe opindika amatha kugawidwa m'magulu motere kutengera kulinganiza kwa ma disc, njira yoyendetsera, ndi mtundu wa thupi.
3.1 Kugwirizana
- Chozungulira (chosasintha): Chitsinde cha valavu chimadutsa pakati pa diski ndipo chili ndi mpando wolimba. Vavu iyi ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mpweya wochepa komanso kutentha mpaka madigiri 250°F.
- Kuchepetsa kawiri: Chitsinde cha valavu chili kumbuyo kwa diski ndi kunja kwa pakati, zomwe zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mpando. Vavu iyi ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mphamvu yapakati komanso kutentha mpaka 400°F.
- Kuchepetsa katatu: Ngodya yowonjezereka ya mpando imapanga chisindikizo cha chitsulo ndi chitsulo. Valavu iyi ndi yoyenera pa kutentha kwambiri (mpaka kalasi 600) ndi kutentha kwambiri (mpaka 1200)°F) kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo kumakwaniritsa zofunikira zosatulutsa madzi.
3.2 Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito
Mitundu ya activation ikuphatikizapo manual, pneumatic, electric, ndi hydraulic kuti igwirizane ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito.
4. Mapulogalamu Ogwiritsa Ntchito Makampani
Ma valve a gulugufe opindika amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo otsatirawa:
- Kukonza Madzi ndi Madzi Otayidwa: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza kayendedwe ka madzi m'malo oyeretsera madzi ndi makina osinthira madzi. - Kukonza Mankhwala: Kusamalira ma asidi, alkali, ndi zosungunulira kumafuna zinthu zosagwira dzimbiri.
- Mafuta ndi Gasi: Kukonza mapaipi a mafuta osakonzedwa, gasi wachilengedwe, ndi njira zoyeretsera.
- Machitidwe a HVAC: Amalamulira kayendedwe ka mpweya ndi madzi m'malo otenthetsera ndi kuziziritsa.
- Kupanga Mphamvu: Kusamalira nthunzi, madzi ozizira, ndi mafuta.
- Chakudya ndi Zakumwa: Kapangidwe kaukhondo kogwiritsira ntchito madzi osayambitsa matenda.
- Mankhwala: Kuwongolera molondola m'malo opanda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Zam'madzi ndi Zamkati ndi Pepala: Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza madzi a m'nyanja, zamkati, ndi mankhwala.
5. Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa Ma Vavu a Gulugufe a Flange
5.1 Ubwino:
- Yopapatiza komanso yopepuka, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zoyikira komanso zosowa za malo.
- Kugwira ntchito mwachangu kotala la zinthu komanso kuyankha mwachangu.
- Mtengo wotsika wa ma diameter akuluakulu.
- Kutaya mphamvu pang'ono mukatsegula, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera komanso moyenera.
- Yoyenera kusinthana ndi madzimadzi ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri otsekera.
- Yosavuta kusamalira komanso yogwirizana ndi makina odzichitira okha.
5.2 Zoyipa:
- Disiki ya valavu imatseka njira yolowera madzi ikatsegulidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi kuchepe. - Mphamvu yochepa yolumikizira madzi ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kuthamanga kwa magazi, zomwe zingayambitse kupweteka kwa magazi.
- Mipando yofewa ya ma valvu imatha msanga m'malo olumikizirana.
- Kutseka mofulumira kwambiri kungayambitse nyundo yamadzi.
- Mapangidwe ena amafuna ma torque oyamba apamwamba, omwe amafunikira ma actuator amphamvu.
6. Momwe Mungayikitsire Valavu ya Gulugufe
Mukakhazikitsa, gwirizanitsani flange ya valavu ndi flange ya chitoliro, kuonetsetsa kuti mabowo a bolt akugwirizana.
Ikani gasket kuti mutseke.
Mangani ndi maboluti ndi mtedza, ndikulimbitsa mofanana kuti mupewe kusokonekera.
Ma valve okhala ndi flange ziwiri amafuna kuti mbali zonse ziwiri zizigwirizana nthawi imodzi; ma valve amtundu wa lug amatha kumangidwa mbali imodzi nthawi imodzi.
Yang'anani ufulu wa diski poyendetsa valavu musanayike mphamvu.
Mukayika moyimirira, tsinde la valavu liyenera kuyikidwa mopingasa kuti matope asasonkhanitsidwe.
Nthawi zonse tsatirani malangizo a wopanga ndi miyezo yoyesera monga API 598.
7. Miyezo ndi Malamulo
Ma valve a gulugufe opindikaayenera kutsatira miyezo ya chitetezo ndi mgwirizano:
- Kupanga: API 609, EN 593, ASME B16.34. - Kuyesa: API 598, EN 12266-1, ISO 5208.
- Flanges: ASME B16.5, DIN, JIS.
- Zitsimikizo: CE, SIL3, API 607pa(chitetezo cha moto).
8. Kuyerekeza ndi Ma Valves Ena
Poyerekeza ndi ma valve a pachipata, ma valve a gulugufe opindika amagwira ntchito mwachangu ndipo amapereka mphamvu zokhotakhota, koma salimbana ndi kuyenda kwa madzi pang'ono.
Poyerekeza ndi ma valve a mpira, ndi otsika mtengo kwambiri pa mainchesi akuluakulu, koma amataya mphamvu kwambiri akamatsegula.
Ma valve ozungulira amapereka mphamvu yolondola kwambiri, koma ndi akuluakulu komanso okwera mtengo kwambiri.
Ponseponse, ma valve a gulugufe ndi abwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito malo ochepa komanso ndalama zochepa.