1. Kufotokozera mwachidule
N'zodziwika bwino kutimavavu a gulugufeNdi yothandiza kwambiri, kapangidwe kake kakang'ono komanso kotsika mtengo, kotero imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Komabe, monga gawo lililonse la makina, mavalavu a gulugufe amathanso kulephera. Kulephera kumagawidwa m'magulu obadwa nawo ndi opezeka. Zolakwika zobadwa nazo nthawi zambiri zimatanthauza zolakwika zopangira, monga kuuma kosagwirizana kapena ming'alu pampando wa valavu. Zolakwika zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku zovuta zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingakhudze magwiridwe antchito. Kutayikira nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha zisindikizo zosweka, kuyika kosayenera kapena kuwonongeka kwa makina. Kudzimbiritsa ndi dzimbiri zimatha kuwononga zigawo za valavu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zilephereke. Kusatseka mokwanira chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa zinthu kapena mavuto a actuator kungapangitse mavuto ogwirira ntchito kukhala ovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kumvetsetsa mavuto omwe angakhalepo a mavalavu a gulugufe ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mavalavu a gulugufe ndi odalirika kudzera mu kukhazikitsa koyenera, kukonza nthawi zonse komanso kukonza nthawi yake ndikofunikira.
2. Mavuto ofala ndi ma valve a gulugufe
Ponena za zolakwika zobadwa nazo zopangira ma valve a gulugufe, zfafakitale ya vavu ya gulugufeyapanga kusintha, kukweza ndi kupewa mapangidwe, ukadaulo wopanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu pambuyo pa zaka 18 za kafukufuku wosatopa. Ndipo valavu iliyonse ya gulugufe idzayesedwa isanatuluke mufakitale, ndipo zinthu zosayenerera sizidzatuluka mufakitale.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomwe sizili zoyenera madzi kapena mpweya womwe ukugwiridwa kungayambitse kuwonongeka msanga kwa zigawo za valavu. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonongeka kwa makina, monga kugundana, kukwera kwa mphamvu kapena kukokoloka kwa nthaka, kungawononge ziwalo zamkati mwa valavu, zomwe zikuwonjezera mavuto otuluka.
Pomaliza, zolakwika pakupanga monga zolakwika pakuponya kapena makina olakwika zimatha kusokoneza kapangidwe ka valavu. Zolakwika zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti malo kapena ming'alu isagwirizane bwino zomwe zimalepheretsa kutsekedwa bwino.
Zotsatirazi ndi zifukwa ndi njira zothetsera mavuto omwe apezeka.
2.1 Kutuluka kwa valavu ya gulugufe
Kutuluka kwa ma valve a gulugufe ndi vuto lofala lomwe lingasokoneze ntchito, kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito, komanso lingakhale loopsa pang'ono.
2.1.1 Zomwe zimayambitsa kutuluka kwa madzi
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kutuluka kwa ma valve a gulugufe. Katswiri wina dzina lake Huang anati: "Zisindikizo zowonongeka, kuyika molakwika komanso kusagwirizana kwa zinthu ndizomwe zimayambitsa kutuluka kwa ma valve a gulugufe. Kuthetsa mavutowa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo woyenera komanso kusankha zinthu kungachepetse kwambiri chiopsezo cha kutuluka kwa madzi."
*Zisindikizo zowonongeka
Pakapita nthawi, zisindikizo zidzatha chifukwa cha kukangana, kukwiya kwa media kapena kutentha kwambiri. Izi zidzasokoneza mphamvu yotsekera ya valavu ya gulugufe.
*Kukhazikitsa kosayenera
Kusakhazikika bwino kapena kulimbitsa botolo molakwika panthawi yoyika, mphamvu yosagwirizana, ndi zina zotero kungafooketse kulimba kwa kutseka. Kuzungulira pafupipafupi kapena malo otseguka/kutseka olakwika kungayambitsenso kupanikizika kwakukulu pa chisindikizo, zomwe zingayambitse kulephera kwake.
* Kusankha zinthu molakwika
Mwachitsanzo, malo otentha kwambiri ayenera kuti anasankha LCC koma anagwiritsa ntchito WCB. Vutoli ndi lochepa, ndipo si vuto. Ndikofunikira kugula ma valve kuchokera kwa opanga omwe ali ndi njira zowongolera bwino khalidwe. Kuti mupewe mavuto okhudzana ndi kupanga, kapena ngati simukudziwa momwe valavu ya gulugufe imafunikira, siyani nkhaniyi kwa katswiri wopanga ma valve a gulugufe-ZFA kuti akuthandizeni kusankha. ZFA imaonetsetsa kuti valavuyo ikukwaniritsa miyezo yamakampani, potero imachepetsa kuthekera kwa zolakwika.
2.1.2 Yankho la Kutaya Madzi
Kuthetsa mavuto otuluka madzi kumafuna kuphatikiza njira zodzitetezera ndi zowongolera.
* Mapulani okonza nthawi zonse
Kuwunika kuyenera kuzindikira zisindikizo zosweka kapena zinthu zowonongeka mwamsanga momwe zingathere kuti zithe kusinthidwa pakapita nthawi.
Kuyeretsa valavu ndi kuchotsa zinyalala kungalepheretsenso kuwonongeka kosafunikira.
* Njira zolondola zokhazikitsira
Kukhazikitsa bwino valavu ndikulimbitsa mabotolo motsatira malangizo a wopanga kungachepetse chiopsezo cha kutuluka kwa madzi.
Ikani mabotolo kudzera m'mabowo a flange a valavu ya gulugufe ndi payipi. Onetsetsani kuti valavu ya gulugufe ikugwirizana bwino ndi payipi. Pomaliza, mangani mabotolo mofanana.
Njira zoyikira bwino zingathandize kuti zinthu zikhale zodalirika.
Tsatanetsatane chonde pitani ku nkhaniyi:https://www.zfavalve.com/how-to-install-a-butterfly-valve/
* Zosintha za ntchito
Kuonetsetsa kuti valavu ikugwira ntchito mkati mwa mphamvu yake yopangidwira kumachepetsa kupsinjika kwa zisindikizo ndi zigawo zina.
2.2 Kuwonongeka kwa zigawo za ma valavu
Zotsatira za kafukufuku wa sayansi: "Zinthu monga kukangana, dzimbiri, kukokoloka kwa nthaka ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha zimatha kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito a zigawo zofunika za valavu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutuluka kwa madzi ndi kusagwira ntchito bwino."
Kuwonongeka kwa zigawo za valavu ya gulugufe ndi zotsatira zachibadwa zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo n'kosapeweka. Komabe, kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa kenako ndikukhazikitsa bwino njira zopewera kungachepetse kwambiri zotsatira za vutoli ndikuwonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito ya valavu.
2.2.1 Zifukwa zovalira
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigawo za valavu ya gulugufe ziwonongeke.
*Kukangana
Kukangana ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu. Kulumikizana kosalekeza pakati pa diski ya valavu ndi mpando wa valavu panthawi yogwira ntchito kumapangitsa kukangana, komwe pang'onopang'ono kumawonongeka ndikuwononga zinthuzo. Kusokonekera kumeneku kumafooketsa mphamvu ya valavu yosunga chitseko choyenera.
Palinso kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha madzi othamanga kwambiri kapena tinthu tomwe timadutsa mu valavu yosungiramo zinthu ndi mpando wa valavu. Tinthu timeneti timagunda mkati mwa valavu, pang'onopang'ono timawonongeka ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake.
*Kudzimbiritsa
Kukumana ndi zinthu zobisika komanso malo akunja okhala ndi mankhwala kapena chinyezi champhamvu kudzawononga zitsulo. Pakapita nthawi, dzimbiri limeneli lidzapangitsa kuti mphamvu yotsekera ya valavu ifooke mpaka itatuluka.
*Kukhazikitsa kosayenera
Kusakhazikika bwino kwa ma valavu kapena kulunjika kolakwika kwa tsinde la valavu kudzawonjezera kupanikizika kwa zigawozo ndikupangitsa kuti ziwonongeke mofanana.
*Zolakwika pa ntchito
Kubwezeretsanso kapena kugwiritsa ntchito valavu yopitirira muyeso wake kungayambitsenso kuwonongeka msanga.
*Kusinthasintha kwa kutentha
Kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso kawirikawiri kwa kutentha kwapakati kwa kanthawi kochepa kungayambitse kufutukuka mobwerezabwereza ndi kupindika kwa zinthuzo, zomwe zingayambitse ming'alu kapena kutopa kwa zinthuzo.
2.2.2 Mayankho Ovala
*Ma valve apamwamba kwambiri ochokera kwa opanga odalirika
Kwenikweni, ma valve a gulugufe apamwamba kwambiri amatha kuchepetsa kuwonongeka msanga. Popeza ma valve a gulugufe amenewa nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zinthu zolimba komanso zopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri, kuthekera kwa kuwonongeka msanga kumachepa.
*Kuyang'anira pafupipafupi
Kukonza koyenera kuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pakupeza zizindikiro zoyambirira zakutha, monga kuonda kapena kuwonongeka kwa mpando wa valavu, kutha kapena kusinthika kwa mbale ya valavu, ndi zina zotero. Kusintha ziwalo zotha ntchito panthawi yake kungalepheretse kuwonongeka kwina.
*Kukhazikitsa koyenera
Kuyika bwino valavu ndi kulabadira zinthu monga momwe madzi akuyendera komanso momwe tsinde la valavu limayendera kungachepetse kupsinjika kosafunikira pazigawozo. Malangizo oyika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito a wopanga akhoza kutsatiridwa.
2.3 Kuwonongeka kwa valavu ya gulugufe
Kudzimbiritsa ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limaopseza magwiridwe antchito ndi moyo wa ma valve a gulugufe. Kudzimbiritsa kumafooketsa zigawo zofunika kwambiri ndipo kumabweretsa kulephera kwa dongosolo.
2.3.1 Zomwe zimayambitsa dzimbiri
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingayambitse dzimbiri la valavu ya gulugufe.
*Kukumana ndi mankhwala
Ma valve omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo okhala ndi mankhwala owononga (monga ma acid kapena ma base) nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi dzimbiri mwachangu.
*Malo onyowa
Kuyikidwa m'madzi kapena chinyezi chambiri kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse kuti zitsulo ziume, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dzimbiri lizipse. Izi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri m'ma valve opangidwa ndi chitsulo cha kaboni, chomwe sichimalimbana ndi dzimbiri ngati chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena zinthu zina zosakaniza.
*Kukokoloka kwa nthaka-kutupa
Kukutha kwa nthaka kumatanthauza kuphatikiza kwa kuwonongeka kwa makina ndi kuukira kwa mankhwala, zomwe zimawonjezera vuto la dzimbiri la ma valve a gulugufe. Madzi othamanga kwambiri kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagundana titha kuchotsa chophimba choteteza cha mbale ya valve, ndikuyika chitsulo pansi pake ku media, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dzimbiri lizichuluke.
2.3.2 Mayankho a dzimbiri
*Kusankha zinthu
Ngati malo akunja ali ndi zinthu zowononga, zinthu zosagwira dzimbiri (monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena zinthu zina zapadera zophimbidwa) ziyenera kusankhidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi thupi la valavu, tsinde la valavu, ndi turbine. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti valavu ya gulugufe imakhala yolimba kwambiri m'malo ovuta.
Nthawi yomweyo, pa ntchito zokhudzana ndi mankhwala owononga, mipando ya ma valve a PTFE ndi ma valve plates ophimbidwa ndi PTFE angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Izi zimapereka chitetezo chofunikira cha mankhwala.
* Kukonza tsiku ndi tsiku
Yang'anani nthawi zonse ndikupeza zizindikiro zoyambirira za dzimbiri, ndi zina zotero.
Tsukani valavu ndikuchotsa zinyalala kapena zinthu zina zomwe zasonkhana.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zophimba kapena zoletsa zoteteza kuti zipange chotchinga ku zinthu zowononga kungapangitse kuti valavuyo ikhale ndi moyo wautali.
Njira zoyenera zoyikira, kuonetsetsa kuti valavu yalumikizidwa bwino komanso yomangiriridwa bwino, zitha kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa zigawo. Zimaletsa chinyezi ndi mankhwala kuti asasonkhanitsidwe m'ming'alu kapena mipata.
Kulamulira kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka komanso kusefa tinthu tomwe timayabwa kungathandize kupewa dzimbiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, kugula ma valve a gulugufe kuchokera kwa opanga odalirika kumatsimikizira kuti mankhwalawa ali ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi dzimbiri. Chifukwa chakuti amatsatira miyezo yokhwima yowongolera khalidwe, kuthekera kwa zolakwika izi kudzachepa.
2.4 Zolakwika pakupanga ma valve a gulugufe
Zolakwika pakupanga ma valve a gulugufe zimatha kukhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito awo, kudalirika kwawo, komanso chitetezo chawo.
2.4.1 Zolakwika zofala
* Zofooka zoponyera
Zolakwika monga mabowo amchenga, ming'alu kapena malo osafanana zimatha kusokoneza kapangidwe ka valavu. Cholumikiziracho chingalowe m'thupi la valavu kudzera m'mabowo amchenga, pomwe ming'alu ingayambitse kutuluka kwa madzi.
* Zigawo zosakonzedwa bwino,
Ma diski a ma valavu osasinthika, miyeso yolakwika kapena malo otsekeka osafanana zingalepheretse valavu kusunga chitseko cholimba.
* Zipangizo zosayenerera
Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosayenerera panthawi yopanga zinthu kungachepetse kulimba kwa valavu. Mwachitsanzo, kusankha zipangizo zomwe sizingathe kupirira kutentha kapena mankhwala omwe ali pamalo ogwirira ntchito kungayambitse kuwonongeka msanga kapena dzimbiri.
* Zolakwika za kusonkhana
Zolakwika zomangira panthawi yopanga zingayambitse kuti zigawo zisamayende bwino kapena kuti maulumikizidwe azisokonekera. Zolakwikazi sizingakhale ndi zotsatirapo zomveka pakapita nthawi. Koma pakapita nthawi, zimachepetsa magwiridwe antchito onse a valavu.
2.4.2 Mayankho othetsera zolakwika
* Kulamulira khalidwe
Kuthetsa zolakwika pakupanga kumafuna njira zowongolera khalidwe zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa panthawi yopanga. Opanga ayenera kuchita kafukufuku wokwanira pa gawo lililonse la kupanga, kuyambira kusankha zinthu zopangira mpaka kusonkhanitsa komaliza. Njira zoyesera zosawononga monga metallography kuti azindikire spheroidization, kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa guluu pampando wa valavu, kuyesa kutopa, ndi zina zotero. Ngakhale kuzindikira X-ray ya zolakwika zamkati monga porosity kapena ming'alu.
* Kutsatira miyezo
Kutsatira miyezo ya makampani kumatsimikizira kuti kupanga zinthu kumakhala koyenera nthawi zonse. Opanga ayenera kutsatira malangizo okhazikika pakusankha zinthu, kulolera zinthu, ndi njira zosonkhanitsira. Kutsatira miyezo imeneyi kumachepetsa mwayi wa zolakwika ndikuwonjezera kudalirika kwa valavu yonse.
* Makina ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba
Kuyika ndalama mu makina apamwamba komanso ukadaulo wopanga zinthu kungathandize kukonza molondola ndikuchepetsa zolakwika. Mwachitsanzo, makina owongolera manambala a computer (CNC) amatsimikizira kukula kolondola kwa zigawo, pomwe makina odzipangira okha amachepetsa zolakwika za anthu.
* Maphunziro a ogwira ntchito
Kuphunzitsa anthu njira zabwino zopangira zinthu kungachepetse zolakwika. Antchito aluso omwe amadziwa bwino njira zopangira, kusonkhanitsa, ndi kuwunika zinthu amathandiza kukonza bwino ntchito yopanga zinthu.
2.5 Kuyika ma valve a gulugufe molakwika
Kukhazikitsa molakwika kungayambitse kulephera kwa valavu ya gulugufe, kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito, komanso kuonjezera ndalama zokonzera.
2.5.1 Zolakwika zodziwika bwino pakukhazikitsa
* Kusakhazikika bwino
Ngati valavu siili bwino ndi chitoliro, mphamvu yosagwirizana imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu monga maboluti. Izi zimapangitsa kuti magetsi awonongeke msanga komanso kuti madzi atuluke.
Kuphatikiza apo, kulimbitsa kwambiri mabotolo kungawononge gasket kapena kusokoneza thupi la valavu, pomwe kulimbitsa pang'ono kungayambitse kulumikizana kosasunthika ndi kutuluka madzi.
* Palibe kuyang'aniridwa kwachiwiri musanayike.
Musanayike, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana chitolirocho ngati chili ndi zinyalala, dothi kapena zinyalala zina zomwe zingalepheretse valavu kugwira ntchito.
2.5.2 Mayankho a kukhazikitsa koyenera
* Kuyang'anira musanayike
Yang'anani chitolirocho ngati chili ndi zinyalala ndipo onetsetsani kuti pamwamba pake pali poyera kuti pasatsekeke.
Yang'anani valavu kuti muwone ngati pali kuwonongeka kapena zolakwika zomwe zikuwonekera.
Tsatirani malangizo a wopanga.
* Kukhazikitsa kwa mgwirizano
Kuonetsetsa kuti valavu ikugwirizana bwino ndi chitoliro kumachepetsa kupsinjika kwa zigawozo ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kutuluka kwa madzi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito chida cholinganiza kungathandize kupeza malo oyenera.
Ikani mphamvu yoyenera mukamalimitsa bolt kuti mupewe kumangitsa kwambiri kapena kuchepera mphamvu.
2.6 Mavuto a ntchito
Mavuto ogwirira ntchito ndi ma valve a gulugufe nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti ntchito isayende bwino komanso kuti isagwire bwino ntchito msanga. Kupeza chomwe chimayambitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera ndiyo njira zoyambira zosungira ntchito yabwino ndikuwonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito.
2.6.1 Zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto pa ntchito
Ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri akatsegula kapena kutseka valavu, zomwe zingawononge zigawo zamkati. Kuyendetsa valavu pafupipafupi kupitirira malire a kapangidwe kake kungathandizenso kuti iwonongeke mwachangu ndikuchepetsa kugwira ntchito bwino kwake.
2.6.2 Mayankho a Mavuto Okhudza Ntchito
Kuthetsa mavuto okhudza ntchito kumafuna maphunziro kwa ogwira ntchito. Kupereka maphunziro okwanira kumatsimikizira kuti ogwira ntchito akumvetsa zofooka za kapangidwe ka valavu ndi njira zoyenera zogwirira ntchito.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zinthu zogwirira ntchito zizikhala mkati mwa malire a kapangidwe kake. Kuyang'anira kuthamanga ndi kutentha kumaonetsetsa kuti valavu ikugwira ntchito momwe ikuyembekezeredwa.
2.7 Kusowa Kosamalira Nthawi Zonse
2.7.1 Zotsatira za Kusowa Kosamalira
Kusamalira nthawi zonse ndi chinthu china chofunikira kwambiri kuti ma valve a gulugufe agwire bwino ntchito komanso akhale ndi moyo wabwino. Kunyalanyaza njira yofunikayi nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kusagwira bwino ntchito, zoopsa zachitetezo, komanso kukonza kokwera mtengo.
Kulephera kukonza ma valve a gulugufe nthawi zonse kungayambitse zotsatirapo zosiyanasiyana zosafunikira. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonongeka kwa zisindikizo, zisindikizo zimatha kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kukangana, kukhudzidwa ndi mankhwala oopsa, kapena kutentha kwambiri. Ngati siziyang'aniridwa nthawi yake, zisindikizo izi zosweka zimatha kuyambitsa kutuluka kwa madzi.
Kuchulukana kwa zinyalala ndi zotsatira zina zoopsa. Dothi, dzimbiri, ndi zinthu zina zodetsa nthawi zambiri zimasonkhana mkati mwa valavu, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuyenda kwa valavu ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake yotsekera. Kuchulukana kumeneku kumathandizira kuti zigawo zake zisawonongeke.
2.7.2 Mayankho Okonza
* Kuyang'anira Mwachizolowezi
Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuyang'ana nthawi zonse ngati pali zizindikiro zakuwonongeka, dzimbiri, kapena zinyalala. Kuzindikira msanga mavutowa kumathandiza kuti akonze kapena kusintha zinthu nthawi yake, zomwe zimathandiza kupewa kuwonongeka kwina.
* Kuyeretsa valavu
Kuchotsa dothi, dzimbiri, ndi zinthu zina zodetsa kumatsimikizira kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa zigawo. Pa ma valve omwe amagwira ntchito ndi mankhwala owononga, kugwiritsa ntchito chophimba choteteza kapena choletsa kungapereke chitetezo china cha dzimbiri.
* Mafuta oyenera
Kupaka mafuta moyenera ndikofunikira kuti kuchepetse kukangana ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zigawo za valavu zikuyenda bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oyenera kumaletsa kuwonongeka kosafunikira ndipo kumawonjezera moyo wa valavu. Ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kusankha mafuta oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
2.8 Kulephera kwa Actuator ndi stem
Kulephera kwa actuator ndi tsinde la ma valve a gulugufe kungasokoneze ntchito ndikupangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yovuta kwambiri.
2.8.1 Zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa actuator ndi stem
* Mafuta osakwanira
Maberiya amadalira mafuta oyenera kuti achepetse kukangana ndi kuwonongeka. Popanda mafuta, kutentha kwambiri ndi kupsinjika maganizo zimatha kusonkhana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zilephereke msanga. Pakapita nthawi, mafuta osakwanira angayambitsenso kuti maberiya azigwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti valavu isagwire ntchito.
* Kusakhazikika bwino
Kusakhazikika bwino panthawi yoyika kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kungayambitse kupsinjika kosagwirizana pa mabearing ndi zida za actuator. Kusakhazikika kumeneku kumatha kufulumizitsa kuwonongeka ndikuchepetsa kuyendetsa bwino kwa ma valve.
* Kubwezeretsanso zinthu mopitirira muyeso
Kuzungulira kwambiri kwa valavu kupitirira malire ake kungayambitsenso kulephera. Kutsegula ndi kutseka pafupipafupi kumatha kuwononga njira zamkati ndi ma bearing a actuator. Kuyenda mobwerezabwereza kumeneku, makamaka pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu, kumawonjezera mwayi wotopa kwa makina.
* Kulowa kwa zonyansa
Dothi, zinyalala, kapena chinyezi chomwe chimalowa mu tsinde la actuator chingayambitse dzimbiri ndi kuwonongeka.
2.8.2 Mayankho a kulephera kwa actuator ndi ma bearing
* Mafuta odzola nthawi zonse
Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oyenera monga momwe wopanga amalangizira kumachepetsa kukangana ndipo kumaletsa kutentha kwambiri.
* Kulinganiza bwino
Kukhazikika bwino panthawi yoyika n'kofunika kwambiri. Kuonetsetsa kuti valavu ndi choyeretsera zikugwirizana bwino kumachepetsa kupsinjika kosafunikira pa mabearing.
* Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso
Ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuyang'anira momwe valavu imagwiritsidwira ntchito kuti apewe kupitirira malire ake. Pa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kuyendetsa njinga pafupipafupi, kusankha choyeretsera chomwe chimapangidwira kuyendetsa njinga kwambiri kumatsimikizira kudalirika.
Zitseko zozungulira choyeretsera ndi tsinde ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse. Onetsetsani kuti zitseko zomwe zimaletsa kuipitsidwa monga fumbi ndi chinyezi zikugwira ntchito bwino. Kuyeretsa valavu ndi malo ozungulira kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha zinyalala kulowa ndipo kumateteza kwambiri ma bearing ndi choyeretsera.
2.9 Zinyalala ndi kuchulukana kwa zinthu zodetsa
Zinyalala ndi kusungunuka kwa zinthu zodetsa m'ma valve a gulugufe kungayambitse kuti diski ya valve isabwerere pamalo ake oyamba, kuonjezera ndalama zokonzera, ndi zoopsa zina zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha chitetezo.
2.9.1 Zomwe zimayambitsa kusonkhanitsa zinyalala
*Kusayera bwino kwa mapaipi
Pakukhazikitsa kapena kukonza, dothi, dzimbiri, ndi tinthu tina nthawi zambiri timalowa mu chitolirocho. Zonyansa zimenezi pamapeto pake zimakhazikika mkati mwa valavu, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuyenda kwake ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake yotsekera.
*Makhalidwe amadzimadzi
Madzi kapena madzi okhala ndi zinthu zolimba kwambiri amatha kusiya zotsalira mkati mwa valavu. Pakapita nthawi, zotsalirazi zimatha kuuma ndikupangitsa kuti valavu isagwire ntchito bwino. Mwachitsanzo, tinthu tomwe timayabwa m'madzi a mafakitale titha kuwononga mpando wa valavu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinyalala zisonkhanire mosavuta.
*Kudzikundikira ndi kukokoloka kwa nthaka
Malo achitsulo onyentchera amatha kupanga tinthu tomwe timasakanikirana ndi madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinyalala zichuluke mkati mwa valavu. Mofananamo, kukokoloka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha madzi othamanga kwambiri kapena zinthu zina zonyamulira kungawononge zigawo zamkati mwa valavu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zodetsa zikhazikike.
*Njira zosasamalidwa bwino
Kunyalanyaza kuyeretsa ndi kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse kungayambitse kusonkhanitsa dothi ndi zinthu zodetsa mosalamulirika.
2.9.2 Mayankho oletsa kusonkhanitsa zinyalala
* Kuyang'anira ndi kuyeretsa mapaipi ndi ma valve nthawi zonse
Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuyang'ana nthawi zonse ngati pali zotsekeka, kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zodetsa. Kuphatikiza apo, makinawo ayenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse kuti achotse dothi, dzimbiri ndi zinthu zina zodetsa. Pa mapaipi omwe amagwira madzi okhala ndi zinthu zolimba zopachikidwa, kukhazikitsa zotchingira kapena zosefera pamwamba pa valavu kungathandize kutenga zinyalala zisanafike pa valavu.
* Kusankha zinthu
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosagwira dzimbiri monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena zinthu zina zapadera zophimbidwa kungathandize kuchepetsa kupanga tinthu tamkati. Zinthuzi zimathandizanso kuti madzi oundana asawonongeke, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zinyalala zisawonongeke komanso kuti zinyalala zisasonkhanitsidwe.
* Njira zoyenera zoyikira
Kuyang'ana chitolirocho ngati chili ndi dothi ndi zinyalala musanayike valavu kumateteza zinthu zodetsa kuti zisalowe mu dongosolo. Kuyika bwino valavuyo ndikuyiteteza bwino kumachepetsa mipata yomwe zinyalala zimatha kukhazikika.
3. Chidule
Kulephera kwa ma valavu a gulugufe ndi mayankho awo nthawi zambiri kumachokera ku mavuto monga kutuluka kwa madzi, kuwonongeka, dzimbiri ndi kuyika kosayenera. Njira zoyendetsera ntchito zimatsimikizira kuti ntchito yake ndi yabwino komanso kuchepetsa kusokonezeka. Kusamalira nthawi zonse, kukhazikitsa bwino komanso kusankha zipangizo zoyenera ndikofunikira kuti valavuyo ikhale yogwira ntchito nthawi yayitali. Kufunsa katswiri wopereka ma valavu a gulugufe ndikutsatira malangizo kungathandize kuti valavuyo ikhale yodalirika komanso kuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito.