Ma valve a gulugufe ndi ma valve a zipata ndi mitundu iwiri ya ma valve omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi m'mizinda. Ali ndi kusiyana koonekeratu pa kapangidwe kake, ntchito yake, ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane kusiyana pakati pa ma valve a gulugufe ndi ma valve a zipata kuchokera ku mfundo, kapangidwe kake, mtengo wake, kulimba kwake, malamulo oyendetsera madzi, kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza.
1. Mfundo yaikulu
Mfundo ya Valavu ya Gulugufe
Chinthu chachikulu kwambiri chavalavu ya gulugufeNdi kapangidwe kake kosavuta komanso kapangidwe kake kakang'ono. Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ndi yakuti mbale yozungulira ya gulugufe imazungulira tsinde la valavu ngati mzere wapakati kuti ilamulire kuyenda kwa madzi. Mbale ya valavu imakhala ngati malo owunikira, ndipo pokhapokha ngati mbale ya gulugufe ilola kuti idutse. Mbale ya gulugufe ikagwirizana ndi komwe madzi akuyenda, valavu imatsegulidwa kwathunthu; mbale ya gulugufe ikadutsa molunjika komwe madzi akuyenda, valavu imatsekedwa kwathunthu. Nthawi yotsegulira ndi kutseka ya valavu ya gulugufe ndi yochepa kwambiri, chifukwa imangofunika madigiri 90 ozungulira kuti igwire ntchito yonse yotsegula kapena kutseka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndi valavu yozungulira komanso valavu yozungulira kotala.
Mfundo ya Valavu ya Chipata
Chipinda cha valve chavalavu ya chipataChimayenda mmwamba ndi pansi molunjika kupita ku thupi la valavu. Chipata chikakwezedwa mokwanira, mkati mwa thupi la valavu mumatsegulidwa kwathunthu ndipo madzi amatha kudutsa popanda choletsa; chipata chikatsitsidwa mokwanira, madziwo amatsekeka kwathunthu. Kapangidwe ka valavu ya chipata kamapangitsa kuti ikhale yopanda mphamvu yoyendera madzi ikatsegulidwa kwathunthu, kotero ndi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kutsegulidwa kwathunthu kapena kutsekedwa kwathunthu. Apa ziyenera kutsindika kuti valavu ya chipata ndi yoyenera kutsegulidwa kwathunthu ndi kutsekedwa kwathunthu! Komabe, valavu ya chipata ili ndi liwiro loyankha pang'onopang'ono, ndiko kuti, nthawi yotsegulira ndi kutseka ndi yayitali, chifukwa imatenga nthawi zambiri kuti izungulire giya lamanja kapena zida za nyongolotsi kuti itsegule ndi kutseka kwathunthu.
2. Kapangidwe kake
Kapangidwe ka valavu ya gulugufe
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kapangidwe ka valavu ya gulugufe ndi kosavuta, kuphatikizapo zigawo zazikulu monga thupi la valavu, mbale ya valavu, shaft ya valavu, mpando wa valavu ndi choyendetsera. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi chili pansipa.
Thupi la valavu:
Thupi la valavu ya gulugufe ndi lozungulira ndipo lili ndi njira yoyima mkati. Thupi la valavu lingapangidwe ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga chitsulo chosungunuka, chitsulo chosungunuka, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo cha kaboni, mkuwa wa aluminiyamu, ndi zina zotero. Zachidziwikire, kusankha zinthu kumadalira malo ogwiritsira ntchito valavu ya gulugufe komanso mtundu wa cholumikiziracho.
Mbale ya valavu:
Mbale ya valavu ndi gawo lotsegulira ndi kutseka looneka ngati diski lomwe latchulidwa pamwambapa, lomwe limafanana ndi diski yooneka ngati diski. Zinthu zomwe zili mu mbale ya valavu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi za thupi la valavu, kapena zapamwamba kuposa za thupi la valavu, chifukwa valavu ya gulugufe imalumikizana mwachindunji ndi cholumikizira, mosiyana ndi valavu ya gulugufe yapakati pomwe thupi la valavu limalekanitsidwa mwachindunji ndi cholumikizira ndi mpando wa valavu. Zida zina zapadera ziyenera kukonza kukana kutopa, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri.
Tsinde la valavu:
Chitsinde cha valavu chimalumikiza mbale ya valavu ndi choyendetsera, ndipo chimayang'anira kutumiza mphamvu kuti izungulire mbale ya valavu. Chitsinde cha valavu nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 420 kapena zipangizo zina zamphamvu kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndi zolimba komanso zokhazikika mokwanira.
Mpando wa valavu:
Mpando wa valavu uli mkati mwa chivindikiro cha mkati mwa thupi la valavu ndipo umalumikizana ndi mbale ya valavu kuti apange chisindikizo kuti zitsimikizire kuti cholumikiziracho sichikutuluka madzi valavu ikatsekedwa. Pali mitundu iwiri ya chisindikizo: chisindikizo chofewa ndi chisindikizo cholimba. Chisindikizo chofewa chimakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino otsekera. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi monga rabara, PTFE, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma valavu a gulugufe apakati. Zisindikizo zolimba ndizoyenera kutentha kwambiri komanso malo opanikizika kwambiri. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi monga SS304+Flexible Graphite, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri m'mamavavu atatu a gulugufe ozungulira.
Woyambitsa:
Choyatsira magetsi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa tsinde la valavu kuti lizizungulira. Mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi yamanja, yamagetsi, yopyola mpweya kapena yamadzimadzi. Zoyatsira zamagetsi nthawi zambiri zimayendetsedwa ndi zogwirira kapena magiya, pomwe zoyatsira zamagetsi, zopyola mpweya ndi zamadzimadzi zimatha kugwira ntchito yowongolera kutali komanso yodziyimira payokha.
Kapangidwe ka ma valve a chipata
Kapangidwe ka valavu ya chipata ndi kovuta kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pa thupi la valavu, mbale ya valavu, shaft ya valavu, mpando wa valavu ndi choyendetsera, palinso kulongedza, chivundikiro cha valavu, ndi zina zotero (onani chithunzi pansipa)
Thupi la valavu:
Thupi la valavu ya chipata nthawi zambiri limakhala looneka ngati mbiya kapena ngati wedge, ndipo mkati mwake muli njira yolunjika. Zinthu za thupi la valavu zimakhala chitsulo chosungunuka, chitsulo chosungunuka, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, mkuwa, ndi zina zotero. Mofananamo, zinthu zoyenera ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Chivundikiro cha valavu:
Chivundikiro cha valavu chimalumikizidwa ku thupi la valavu kuti chipange valavu yotsekedwa. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala bokosi lodzaza pamwamba pa chivundikiro cha valavu kuti muyikepo kulongedza ndi kutseka tsinde la valavu.
Chipata + mpando wa valavu:
Chipata ndi gawo lotsegulira ndi kutseka la valavu ya chipata, nthawi zambiri limakhala ngati wedge. Chipatacho chingakhale chipata chimodzi kapena kapangidwe ka chipata kawiri. Vavu ya chipata yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi chipata chimodzi. Zipangizo za chipata cha valavu ya chipata chotanuka ndi GGG50 yokutidwa ndi rabara, ndipo chipata cha valavu ya chipata cholimba ndi zinthu zomangira thupi + mkuwa kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Tsinde la valavu:
Chitsinde cha valavu chimalumikiza chipata ndi choyendetsera, ndikusuntha chipatacho mmwamba ndi pansi kudzera mu transmission yolumikizidwa. Zipangizo za tsinde la valavu nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena chitsulo cha kaboni. Malinga ndi kayendedwe ka tsinde la valavu, mavalavu a chipata amatha kugawidwa m'mavalavu a chipata chokwera ndi mavalavu a chipata chokwera. Ulusi wa tsinde la valavu ya chipata chokwera uli kunja kwa thupi la valavu, ndipo mawonekedwe otseguka ndi otsekedwa amawonekera bwino; ulusi wa tsinde la valavu ya chipata chokwera uli mkati mwa thupi la valavu, kapangidwe kake ndi kakang'ono, ndipo malo oyikapo ndi ochepa kuposa a valavu ya chipata chokwera.
Kulongedza:
Kulongedzako kuli m'bokosi lodzaza la chivundikiro cha valavu, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kutseka mpata pakati pa tsinde la valavu ndi chivundikiro cha valavu kuti lisatuluke madzi pang'ono. Zipangizo zodziwika bwino zolongedzako ndi monga graphite, PTFE, asbestos, ndi zina zotero. Kulongedzako kumakanikizidwa ndi gland kuti zitsimikizire kuti kutsekako kukugwira ntchito bwino.
Woyambitsa:
• Chingwe cha dzanja ndicho choyendetsera magetsi chodziwika bwino kwambiri, chomwe chimayendetsa ulusi wa tsinde la valve pozungulira chingwe cha dzanja kuti chisunthe chipata mmwamba ndi pansi. Pa mavavu a chipata akuluakulu kapena amphamvu kwambiri, ma actuator amagetsi, opumira mpweya kapena a hydraulic nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa mphamvu yogwirira ntchito ndikufulumizitsa liwiro lotsegula ndi kutseka. Inde, iyi ndi nkhani ina. Ngati mukufuna, chonde onani nkhaniyiKodi Zingapo Zingatseke Valve ya GulugufeZimatenga Nthawi Yaitali Bwanji?
3. Mtengo
Mtengo wa Valavu ya Gulugufe
Ma valve a gulugufe nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika mtengo kuposa ma valve a chipata. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ma valve a gulugufe amakhala ndi kapangidwe kaufupi, safuna zipangizo zambiri, ndipo amakhala ndi njira yosavuta yopangira. Kuphatikiza apo, ma valve a gulugufe ndi opepuka, zomwe zimachepetsanso mtengo woyendera ndi kukhazikitsa. Ubwino wa ma valve a gulugufe ndi wowonekera kwambiri m'mapaipi akuluakulu.
Mtengo wa Valavu ya Chipata
Mtengo wopanga ma valve a chipata nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera, makamaka pa ntchito zazikulu kapena zopanikizika kwambiri. Kapangidwe ka ma valve a chipata ndi kovuta, ndipo kulondola kwa makina a ma plate a chipata ndi mipando ya ma valve ndi kwakukulu, zomwe zimafuna njira zambiri komanso nthawi yambiri panthawi yopanga. Kuphatikiza apo, ma valve a chipata ndi olemera kwambiri, zomwe zimawonjezera mtengo woyendera ndi kukhazikitsa.
Monga momwe taonera pachithunzi pamwambapa, pa DN100 yomweyi, valavu ya chipata ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa valavu ya gulugufe.
4. Kulimba
Kulimba kwa Valavu ya Gulugufe
Kulimba kwa mavavu a gulugufe kumadalira mpando wake wa valavu ndi zinthu zogwirira ntchito za valavu. Makamaka, zinthu zotsekera mavavu a gulugufe otsekedwa bwino nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi rabara, PTFE kapena zinthu zina zosinthasintha, zomwe zimatha kutha kapena kukalamba zikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Zachidziwikire, zinthu zotsekera mavavu a gulugufe otsekedwa bwino zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa bwino kwambiri kapena zotsekera zachitsulo, kotero kulimba kwakhala bwino kwambiri.
Kawirikawiri, ma valve a gulugufe amakhala olimba bwino m'makina otsika mphamvu ndi apakati, koma magwiridwe antchito otsekera amatha kuchepa m'malo omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri.
Ndikoyeneranso kunena kuti ma valve a gulugufe amatha kulekanitsa cholumikiziracho pokulunga thupi la valve ndi mpando wa valve kuti thupi la valve lisawonongeke. Nthawi yomweyo, mbale ya valve ikhoza kupakidwa bwino ndi rabara ndikukutidwa ndi fluorine, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba kwambiri kuti isamawonongeke.
Kulimba kwa ma valve a chipata
Kapangidwe ka chisindikizo cha mpando chotanuka cha mavavu a chipata kamakhala ndi vuto lomweli monga mavavu a gulugufe, kutanthauza kuti, kuwonongeka ndi kukalamba akagwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, mavavu a chipata olimba amagwira ntchito bwino m'malo opanikizika kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti pamwamba pa valavu ya chipata pakati pa chitsulo ndi chitsulo pali kukana kuwonongeka kwambiri komanso kukana dzimbiri, nthawi zambiri imakhala yayitali.
Komabe, chipata cha valavu ya chipata chimamatirira mosavuta ndi zinyalala zomwe zili mu sing'anga, zomwe zingakhudzenso kulimba kwake.
Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe ake ndi kapangidwe kake zimatsimikizira kuti n'kovuta kupanga mkati mwa chipinda chonse, kotero pa chinthu chomwecho chowononga, kaya chapangidwa ndi chitsulo chonse kapena mkati mwa chipinda chonse, mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri kuposa wa valavu ya chipata.
5. Kulamulira kayendedwe ka madzi
Kulamulira kayendedwe ka valavu ya gulugufe
Valavu ya gulugufe yokhala ndi mawonekedwe atatu imatha kusintha kayendedwe ka madzi m'malo osiyanasiyana, koma mawonekedwe ake ozungulira sali ofanana, makamaka ngati valavuyo yayandikira kutseguka kwathunthu, kayendedwe ka madzi kamasintha kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, valavu ya gulugufe ndi yoyenera kokha pazochitika zomwe sizikufunikira kusintha kolondola, apo ayi, valavu ya mpira ingasankhidwe.
Kulamulira kayendedwe ka valavu ya chipata
Valavu ya chipata idapangidwa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri potsegula kapena kutseka kwathunthu, koma osati powongolera kayendedwe ka madzi. Ngati chipatacho sichikutseguka pang'ono, chipatacho chimayambitsa kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka kwa madzi, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuwononga mpando wa valavu ndi chipatacho.
6. Kukhazikitsa
Kukhazikitsa valavu ya gulugufe
Kukhazikitsa valavu ya gulugufe n'kosavuta. Ndi yopepuka kulemera kwake, kotero sikufuna chithandizo chochuluka panthawi yokhazikitsa; ili ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono, kotero ndi koyenera makamaka pazochitika zomwe malo ake ndi ochepa.
Valavu ya gulugufe ikhoza kuyikidwa pa mapaipi mbali iliyonse (yopingasa kapena yoyima), ndipo palibe lamulo lokhwima la momwe madzi akuyendera mu chitolirocho. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mukamagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kapena zazikulu, mbale ya gulugufe iyenera kukhala yotseguka mokwanira panthawi yoyika kuti isawonongeke ndi chisindikizocho.
Kukhazikitsa ma valve a chipata
Kukhazikitsa ma valve a chipata n'kovuta kwambiri, makamaka ma valve a chipata akuluakulu ndi olimba. Chifukwa cha kulemera kwakukulu kwa ma valve a chipata, thandizo lowonjezera ndi njira zomangira zimafunika panthawi yokhazikitsa kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwa valve ndi chitetezo cha wokhazikitsa.
Ma valve a pachipata nthawi zambiri amaikidwa pa mapaipi opingasa, ndipo njira yoyendera madzi iyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti ayikidwa bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, kutseguka ndi kutseka kwa ma valve a pachipata ndikutali, makamaka pa ma valve a pachipata okwera, ndipo malo okwanira ayenera kusungidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito gudumu lamanja.
7. Kukonza ndi kukonza
Kusamalira ma valve a gulugufe
Ma valve a gulugufe ali ndi zigawo zochepa ndipo ndi osavuta kusokoneza ndi kusonkhanitsa, kotero zimakhala zosavuta kusamalira. Pakukonza tsiku ndi tsiku, kukalamba ndi kuwonongeka kwa mbale ya valve ndi mpando wa valve kumayesedwa kwambiri. Ngati mphete yotsekera yapezeka kuti yawonongeka kwambiri, iyenera kusinthidwa pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa chake, tikukulimbikitsani kuti makasitomala agule ma valve a gulugufe osinthika. Ngati pamwamba pake pali kusalala ndi kutha kwa mbale ya valve n'kovuta kupeza zotsatira zabwino zotsekera, iyeneranso kusinthidwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali mafuta odzola a tsinde la valavu. Mafuta abwino amathandiza kusinthasintha ndi kulimba kwa ntchito ya valavu ya gulugufe.
Kusamalira ma valve a chipata
Ma valve a chipata ali ndi zigawo zambiri ndipo ndi ovuta kuwachotsa ndi kuwalumikiza, makamaka m'machitidwe akuluakulu a mapaipi, komwe ntchito yokonza imakhala yayikulu. Pakukonza, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ngati chipatacho chakwezedwa ndikutsitsidwa bwino komanso ngati pali zinthu zakunja mumzere wa thupi la valve.
Ngati pamwamba pa mpando wa valavu ndi chipata chaphwanyika kapena chawonongeka, chiyenera kupukutidwa kapena kusinthidwa. Inde, kudzola mafuta kwa tsinde la valavu n'kofunikanso.
Chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kuperekedwa pakukonza chonyamula kuposa valavu ya gulugufe. Kukonza valavu ya chipata kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kutseka mpata pakati pa tsinde la valavu ndi thupi la valavu kuti chosungiracho chisatuluke. Kukalamba ndi kuwonongeka kwa chonyamula ndi mavuto ofala a mavalavu a chipata. Pakukonza, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana nthawi zonse kulimba kwa chonyamulacho ndikuchisintha kapena kuchisintha ngati pakufunika kutero.
8. Mapeto
Mwachidule, mavavu a gulugufe ndi mavavu a chipata ali ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwawo pankhani ya magwiridwe antchito, mtengo, kulimba, malamulo oyendetsera kayendedwe ka madzi ndi kukhazikitsa:
1. Mfundo yaikulu: Ma valve a gulugufe ali ndi liwiro lotseguka ndi kutseka mwachangu ndipo ndi oyenera nthawi yotsegulira ndi kutseka mwachangu; ma valve a chipata ali ndi nthawi yayitali yotsegulira ndi kutseka.
2. Kapangidwe kake: Ma valve a gulugufe ali ndi kapangidwe kosavuta ndipo ma valve a chipata ali ndi kapangidwe kovuta.
3. Mtengo: Ma valve a gulugufe ali ndi mtengo wotsika, makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito mainchesi akuluakulu; ma valve a chipata ali ndi mtengo wokwera, makamaka pakufunika mphamvu yapamwamba kapena zinthu zapadera.
4. Kulimba: Ma valve a gulugufe amakhala olimba kwambiri m'makina otsika mphamvu ndi apakati; ma valve a chipata amagwira ntchito bwino m'malo omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri, koma kutsegula ndi kutseka pafupipafupi kungakhudze moyo wawo.
5. Kulamulira kayendedwe ka madzi: Ma valve a gulugufe ndi oyenera kulamulira kayendedwe ka madzi mopanda mphamvu; ma valve a chipata ndi oyenera kwambiri kugwira ntchito yotseguka kapena yotsekedwa bwino.
6. Kukhazikitsa: Ma valve a gulugufe ndi osavuta kuyika ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapaipi opingasa komanso opingasa; ma valve a chipata ndi ovuta kuyika ndipo ndi oyenera kuyika mapaipi opingasa.
7. Kusamalira: Kusamalira ma valve a gulugufe kumayang'ana kwambiri kuwonongeka ndi kukalamba kwa mbale ya valve ndi mpando wa valve, komanso mafuta a tsinde la valve. Kuphatikiza pa izi, valavu ya chipata iyeneranso kusunga kulongedza.
Mu ntchito zenizeni, kusankha ma valve a gulugufe kapena ma valve a chipata kuyenera kuganiziridwa mokwanira malinga ndi mikhalidwe yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito ndi zofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti zisamawononge ndalama zambiri.