Chiyambi: Nchifukwa chiyani miyezo ya API ndi yofunika kwambiri pa ma valve a mafakitale?
M'mafakitale omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu monga mafuta ndi gasi, mankhwala ndi mphamvu, chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa ma valve kungakhudze mwachindunji kukhazikika kwa makina opangira. Miyezo yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi API (American Petroleum Institute) ndi Baibulo laukadaulo la ma valve a mafakitale padziko lonse lapansi. Pakati pawo, API 607 ndi API 608 ndi ma specifications ofunikira omwe amatchulidwa kawirikawiri ndi mainjiniya ndi ogula.
Nkhaniyi isanthula mozama kusiyana, zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito ndi mfundo zotsatizana ndi miyezo iwiriyi.
Chaputala 1: Kutanthauzira mozama kwa muyezo wa API 607
1.1 Tanthauzo lokhazikika ndi cholinga chachikulu
API 607 "Mafotokozedwe a mayeso a moto a ma valvu otembenukira 1/4 ndi ma valvu osakhala achitsulo a mipando ya ma valvu" akuyang'ana kwambiri pakutsimikizira magwiridwe antchito a ma valvu pansi pa moto. Kope lachisanu ndi chiwiri laposachedwa limawonjezera kutentha kwa mayeso kuchokera pa 1400°F (760°C) mpaka 1500°F (816°C) kuti ayerekezere zochitika zoopsa kwambiri za moto.
1.2 Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane kwa magawo ofunikira a mayeso
- Nthawi ya moto: Mphindi 30 zoyaka mosalekeza + mphindi 15 zozizira
- Muyezo wa kuchuluka kwa kutayikira: Kutayikira kwakukulu komwe kungaloledwe sikupitirira ISO 5208 Rate A
- Njira yoyesera: Kuyesa kophatikiza mpweya woyaka (methane/gasi wachilengedwe) ndi madzi
- Mkhalidwe wa kupanikizika: Kuyesa kwamphamvu kwa 80% ya kupanikizika kovomerezeka
Chaputala 2: Kusanthula kwaukadaulo kwa muyezo wa API 608
2.1 Malo oyenera ndi momwe angagwiritsidwire ntchito
API 608 "Ma valve a mpira wachitsulo okhala ndi ma flange, ma thread ndi ma welding" amakwaniritsa zofunikira zaukadaulo za ndondomeko yonse kuyambira pakupanga mpaka kupanga ma valve a mpira, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kukula kwa DN8 ~ DN600 (NPS 1/4 ~ 24), ndi mulingo wa kupanikizika wa ASME CL150 mpaka 2500LB.
2.2 Zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake
- Kapangidwe ka thupi la valavu: tsatanetsatane wa njira yopangira chidutswa chimodzi/chogawanika
- Dongosolo lotsekera: zofunikira zofunika pa ntchito ya block ndi bleed (DBB)
- Mphamvu yogwirira ntchito: mphamvu yogwirira ntchito yayikulu siyipitirira 360N·m
2.3 Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa mayeso
- Mayeso a mphamvu ya chipolopolo: kupanikizika kochulukira 1.5 kwa mphindi zitatu
- Kuyesa kusindikiza: Kuyesa kwa kuthamanga kwa mbali ziwiri koyesedwa nthawi 1.1
- Nthawi yogwira ntchito: osachepera 3,000 chitsimikizo chathunthu chotsegulira ndi kutseka ntchito
Chaputala 3: Kusiyana kwakukulu kuwiri pakati pa API 607 ndi API 608
| Miyeso yoyerekeza | API 607 | API 608 |
| Malo okhazikika | Satifiketi yochitira moto | Kapangidwe ka zinthu ndi mafotokozedwe opanga |
| Gawo loyenera | Gawo lotsimikizira zinthu | Kapangidwe konse ndi njira yopangira |
| Njira yoyesera | Kuyerekeza moto wowononga | Kuyesedwa kwachizolowezi/kogwira ntchito |
Mutu 4: Chisankho chosankha uinjiniya
4.1 Kuphatikiza koyenera kwa malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu
Pa nsanja zakunja kwa dziko, malo ofikira a LNG ndi malo ena, tikukulangizani kusankha:
Valavu ya mpira ya API 608 + satifiketi yoteteza moto ya API 607 + satifiketi ya chitetezo cha SIL
4.2 Yankho lokonza mtengo
Pa ntchito yachizolowezi, mungasankhe:
Valavu yokhazikika ya API 608 + chitetezo cha moto chapafupi (monga chophimba chosayaka moto)
4.3 Chenjezo la kusamvetsetsana kofala pakati pa kusankha
- Ndikuganiza molakwika kuti API 608 ikuphatikizapo zofunikira pa chitetezo cha moto
- Kuyesa mayeso a API 607 ndi mayeso osindikizira achikhalidwe
- Kunyalanyaza ma audit a fakitale a satifiketi (zofunikira za API Q1 system)
Mutu 5: Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri)
Q1: Kodi valavu ya API 608 imakwaniritsa zokha zofunikira za API 607?
A: Si zoona kwenikweni. Ngakhale kuti ma valve a mpira a API 608 angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa chiphaso cha API 607, amafunika kuyesedwa padera.
Q2: Kodi valavu ipitirire kugwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo poyesa moto?
Yankho: Sikoyenera. Ma valve akatha kuyezedwa nthawi zambiri amawonongeka kapangidwe kake ndipo ayenera kutayidwa.
Q3: Kodi miyezo iwiriyi imakhudza bwanji mtengo wa ma valve?
A: Chitsimikizo cha API 607 chimawonjezera mtengo ndi 30-50%, ndipo kutsatira malamulo a API 608 kumakhudza pafupifupi 15-20%.
Mapeto:
• API 607 ndi yofunikira poyesa moto wa ma valve a gulugufe okhala ndi mipando yofewa ndi ma valve a mpira.
• API 608 imatsimikizira kuti ma valve a mipando yachitsulo ndi mipando yofewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ndi kapangidwe kake komanso magwiridwe antchito.
• Ngati chitetezo cha moto ndicho chinthu chofunika kwambiri, ma valve omwe akutsatira miyezo ya API 607 ndi omwe amafunika.
• Pa ntchito zonse komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve a mpira omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, API 608 ndiye muyezo woyenera.