Chiyambi: Chifukwa chiyani miyezo ya API ili yofunika kwambiri pamavavu aku mafakitale?
M'mafakitale omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu monga mafuta ndi gasi, mankhwala ndi mphamvu, chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa ma valve kungakhudze mwachindunji kukhazikika kwa machitidwe opanga. Miyezo yokhazikitsidwa ndi API (American Petroleum Institute) ndi Baibulo laukadaulo la mavavu a mafakitale padziko lonse lapansi. Mwa iwo, API 607 ndi API 608 ndizomwe zimatchulidwa kawirikawiri ndi mainjiniya ndi ogula.
Nkhaniyi ipenda mozama kusiyana, zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito komanso mfundo zotsatiridwa ndi miyezo iwiriyi.
Mutu 1: Kutanthauzira mozama kwa API 607 standard
1.1 Kutanthauzira kokhazikika ndi cholinga chachikulu
API 607 "Mayeso oyesa moto a 1/4 mavavu otembenuka ndi ma valve okhala ndi zitsulo zopanda zitsulo" amayang'ana kwambiri kutsimikizira kusindikiza kwa ma valve pamoto. Kusindikiza kwaposachedwa kwa 7 kumawonjezera kutentha kwa mayeso kuchokera ku 1400 ° F (760 ° C) mpaka 1500 ° F (816 ° C) kutengera zochitika zamoto kwambiri.
1.2 Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane magawo ofunikira a mayeso
- Kutalika kwa moto: Mphindi 30 zakuyaka kosalekeza + mphindi 15 zakuzizira
- Mulingo wotayikira: Kutayikira kwakukulu kovomerezeka sikudutsa ISO 5208 Rate A
- Sing'anga yoyesera: Kuyesa kophatikiza kwa gasi woyaka (methane / gasi wachilengedwe) ndi madzi
- Kupanikizika: Kuyesa kwamphamvu kwa 80% ya kukakamizidwa kovotera
Mutu 2: Kusanthula kwaukadaulo kwa API 608 muyezo
2.1 Maonekedwe okhazikika ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito
API 608 "Mavavu achitsulo okhala ndi ma flange, malekezero a ulusi ndi nsonga zowotcherera" imayimira zofunikira zaukadaulo panjira yonse kuyambira kapangidwe kake mpaka kupanga mavavu a mpira, kuphimba kukula kwa DN8~DN600 (NPS 1/4~24), ndi mulingo wakukakamiza ASME CL150 mpaka 2500LB.
2.2 Zofunikira pakupanga koyambira
- Maonekedwe a thupi la mavavu: ndondomeko ya gawo limodzi / magawo ogawanika
- Makina osindikizira: Zofunikira zovomerezeka pawiri block and bleed (DBB) ntchito
- Makokedwe ogwiritsira ntchito: mphamvu yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito sichidutsa 360N · m
2.3 Zinthu zazikulu zoyeserera
- Kuyesa kwamphamvu kwa chipolopolo: 1.5 nthawi zovotera kupanikizika kwa mphindi zitatu
- Mayeso osindikiza: Mayeso a 1.1 adavotera kukakamiza kwapawiri
- Moyo wozungulira: zosachepera 3,000 zotsimikizira kutsegulira ndi kutseka kwathunthu
Mutu 3: Kusiyana zisanu pakati pa API 607 ndi API 608
Kuyerekeza miyeso | API 607 | API 608 |
Makhalidwe abwino | Chitsimikizo cha ntchito yamoto | Kapangidwe kazinthu ndi kapangidwe kazinthu |
Ntchito siteji | Gawo la certification lazinthu | Njira yonse yopangira ndi kupanga |
Njira yoyesera | Kuyerekezera kowononga moto | Kupanikizika kokhazikika / kuyesa kogwira ntchito |
Mutu 4: Chisankho chosankha mainjiniya
4.1 Kuphatikiza kovomerezeka kwa malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu
Kwa nsanja zakunyanja, ma terminal a LNG ndi malo ena, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha:
API 608 valavu ya mpira + API 607 + chiphaso chachitetezo chamoto + chiphaso chachitetezo cha SIL
4.2 Mtengo kukhathamiritsa njira
Pazikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito, mutha kusankha:
API 608 valavu yokhazikika + chitetezo cham'deralo (monga zokutira zosayaka)
4.3 Chenjezo la kusamvetsetsana kwa kusankha kofala
- Khulupirirani molakwika kuti API 608 imaphatikizapo zofunikira zoteteza moto
- Kuyesa kuyesa kwa API 607 ndi mayeso wamba osindikiza
- Kunyalanyaza kuwunika kwa ziphaso zamafakitale (API Q1 system zofunika)
Mutu 5: Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (FAQ)
Q1: Kodi valavu ya API 608 imangokwaniritsa zofunikira za API 607?
Yankho: Sizoona ayi. Ngakhale mavavu a mpira a API 608 amatha kugwiritsa ntchito certification ya API 607, amayenera kuyesedwa padera.
Q2: Kodi valve ingapitirire kugwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo poyesa moto?
A: Ndizosavomerezeka. Ma valve pambuyo poyesedwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kuwonongeka kwapangidwe ndipo amayenera kutayidwa.
Q3: Kodi miyeso iwiriyi imakhudza bwanji mtengo wa ma valve?
A: Chitsimikizo cha API 607 chimawonjezera mtengo ndi 30-50%, ndipo kutsata kwa API 608 kumakhudza pafupifupi 15-20%.
Pomaliza:
• API 607' ndiyofunikira pakuyesa moto kwa mavavu agulugufe okhala ndi mipando yofewa ndi ma valve a mpira.
• API 608 imatsimikizira kukhazikika kwapangidwe ndi machitidwe a zitsulo-mpando wazitsulo ndi zofewa zofewa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafakitale.
• Ngati chitetezo chamoto ndicho chofunikira kwambiri, ma valve omwe amatsatira miyezo ya API 607 amafunika.
• Pazolinga zambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve othamanga kwambiri, API 608 ndiye muyeso woyenera.